# US 11,975,291 B2 · Magnetic adsorbents and methods of their use for removal of contaminants

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- Number: US 11,975,291 B2
- Document ID: US11975291B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/059,939
- Filed: 2019-05-31
- Published: 2021-07-15
- Granted: 2024-05-07
- Earliest claimed: 2018-06-01
- Assignees: Carbonxt, Inc.
- Applicants: Carbonxt, Inc.
- Inventors: David W. Mazyck; Christine O. Valcarce; Erica Gonzaga; Lindsey Costin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11975291B2

## CPC

- B01D 53/64: Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
- B01D 53/02: by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography {(solid sorbent compositions B01J20/00, preparation of inorganic compounds or elements C01)}
- B01D 53/83: with moving reactants
- B01J 20/0229: {Compounds of Fe}
- B01J 20/0285: {Sulfides of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/045}
- B01J 20/0288: {Halides of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/046}
- B01J 20/046: {containing halogens, e.g. halides}
- B01J 20/06: comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J 20/20: comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
- B01J 20/28009: {Magnetic properties}
- B01J 20/2803: {Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products}
- B01J 20/28057: {Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area}
- B01J 20/30: Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J 20/3021: {Milling, crushing or grinding}
- B01J 20/3042: {Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent}
- B01J 20/3416: {of sorbents or filter aids comprising free carbon, e.g. activated carbon}
- B01D 53/10: with dispersed adsorbents
- B01D 2251/30: Alkali metal compounds
- B01D 2251/40: Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D 2251/60: Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D 2253/102: Carbon
- B01D 2253/1124: Metal oxides
- B01D 2253/1128: Metal sulfides
- B01D 2253/25: Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
- B01D 2253/30: Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D 2253/306: Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
- B01D 2253/308: Pore size
- B01D 2253/311: Porosity, e.g. pore volume
- B01D 2255/20738: Iron
- B01D 2257/602: Mercury or mercury compounds
- B01J 2220/42: Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials (materials coated or impregnated on a carrier B01J20/32)
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS

## Abstract

Provided are sorbents and associated methods and systems for removing mercury from process gases or fluid streams. The sorbents may include activated carbon and pyrite. The sorbents may optionally include one or more additives, such as a halide salt.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sorbent composition comprising activated carbon, a metal sulfide, a halide salt and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, bases, and hydroxide salts; and
wherein the metal sulfide is present in said sorbent composition at about 1-30% (by weight) and the halide salt is present in said sorbent composition at about 1-20% (by weight).

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The sorbent composition of claim 1, wherein the sorbent composition is configured to remove mercury from a process gas or from a fluid stream.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The sorbent composition of claim 1, wherein the metal sulfide is pyrite.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The sorbent composition of claim 1, wherein the halide salt is selected from the group consisting of halide of alkali metal, halide of alkaline earth metal, and halide of ammonium.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The sorbent composition of claim 2, wherein the mercury is selected from the group consisting of elemental mercury, oxidized mercury, and combination thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The sorbent composition of claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is present in the sorbent composition at from 50% to 99% (by weight) of said sorbent composition.

### Claim 7 (depends on 3)

The sorbent composition of claim 3, wherein activated carbon constitutes about (by weight) of said sorbent composition, pyrite constitutes about 2-8% (by weight) of said sorbent composition, and halide salt constitutes about 10-15% (by weight) of said sorbent composition.

### Claim 8

A process for removing mercury from a process gas or a fluid stream, the process comprising:
injecting a sorbent composition into the process gas or fluid stream at certain sorbent injection rate; and
removing mercury from the process gas or the fluid stream,
wherein said sorbent composition comprises activated carbon, a metal sulfide, a halide salt; and a photocatalyst including titanium dioxide.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the sorbent injection rate is between 10 lb/hour and 1000 lb/hour.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the mercury is selected from the group consisting of elemental mercury, oxidized mercury, and combination thereof.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the metal sulfide is pyrite.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the sorbent composition comprises about 1-30% (by weight) of metal sulfide and about 1-20% (by weight) of halide salt.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the halide salt is selected from the group consisting of halide of alkali metal, halide of alkaline earth metal, and halide of ammonium.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the sorbent composition is capable of reducing mercury level in the process gas to less than 0.7 μg/m3.

### Claim 15 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein the sorbent composition is capable of reducing mercury level in the process gas to 0.6 μg/m3 or lower.