Carbon materials
AssigneePlasma App Ltd.
InventorsDmitry Yarmolich, Denis Yarmolich, Ramachandran Vasant Kumar, Rumen Tomov, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Teng Zhao
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Abstract
There is described a carbon material comprising sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon. Also described is a method of making a carbon material the method comprising: exposing a substrate to a flux of at least 1011 carbon ions per cm2 of substrate per 1 ms, a majority of the carbon ions having a kinetic energy of at least 10 eV. Further, electrodes comprising the carbon material are described. The electrodes may operate as an anode in Li ion battery characterised with improved specific capacity and operation life-time.
Claims25
An electrode for an electrochemical cell, the electrode comprising a carbon material formed by exposing a substrate to a flux of at least 1011 carbon ions per cm2 of substrate per 1 ms while the substrate is at a temperature of less than 60° C., a majority of the carbon ions having a kinetic energy of at least 10 eV to provide a carbon material comprising sp2 and spa hybridized carbon having a hierarchical porosity to provide a specific lithium storage capacity of at least 400 mAh/g, the percentage of sp2 type carbon being at least 25 w % based on the total weight of the material, the percentage of sp3 type carbon being at least 20 w % based on the total weight of the carbon material, the carbon material comprising at least one area with a plurality of regularly arranged, graphene-like layers of carbon and the at least one area is embedded in amorphous carbon.
A method of making an electrode for an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:
- exposing a substrate to a flux of at least 1011 carbon ions per cm2 of substrate per 1 ms while the substrate is at a temperature of less than 60° C., a majority of the carbon ions having a kinetic energy of at least 10 eV to provide a carbon material comprising sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon having a hierarchical porosity to provide a specific lithium storage capacity of at least 400 mAh/g, the percentage of sp2 type carbon being at least 25 w % based on the total weight of the material, the percentage of sp3 type carbon being at least 20 w % based on the total weight of the carbon material, the carbon material comprising at least one area with a plurality of regularly arranged, graphene-like layers of carbon and the at least one area is embedded in amorphous carbon.
An electrode for an electrochemical cell formed by exposing a substrate to a flux of at least 1012 carbon ions per cm2 of substrate per 1 ms, a majority of the carbon ions having a kinetic energy of at least 20 eV to provide a carbon material comprising sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon having a plurality of differentially sized pores to provide a specific lithium storage capacity of at least 1700 mAh/g, the carbon material comprising at least one area with a plurality of regularly arranged, graphene-like layers of carbon, the at least one area being embedded in amorphous carbon, the percentage of sp2 type carbon is at least 25 weight % based on the total weight of the carbon material, the percentage of sp3 type carbon is at least 20 weight % based on the total weight of the carbon material, the flux being provided in a plurality of pulses such that the carbon ions contact the substrate in less than 50 μs, a relaxation time between each of the plurality of pulses being at least 100 μs, and the temperature of the substrate being less than 60° Celsius.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.