Fire-retardant insulation suitable for battery cells

A laminate useful as cell-to-cell battery insulation, the laminate having an insulating area and a periphery seal area,

• the insulating area comprising, in order:
• 1) a first outer layer of paper comprising aramid material and mica;
• 2) an inner layer comprising a felt or paper of inorganic short fibers;
• wherein inorganic short fibers are inorganic fibers having a distribution of sizes having lengths ranging from about 0.5 to 20 centimeters and diameters ranging from about 0.05 to 10 micrometers that can additionally contain shot, and
• 3) a second outer layer of paper comprising aramid material and mica;
• the periphery seal area being void of the inner layer and being formed by adhering the first and second outer layers of paper to one another;
• wherein the periphery seal area extends around the periphery of the insulating area, and wherein the first outer layer of paper and the second outer layer of paper each comprises 50 to 70 weight percent uniformly distributed mica and 30 to 50 weight percent aramid material, the aramid material being in the form of floc, fibrid, or mixtures thereof;
• wherein the weight percentages recited are each based on a total weight of the respective layer.