Hybrid battery system comprising a continuous power source

A hybrid battery system (HBS) comprising a Seebeck thermoelectric primary battery, wherein the primary battery is comprised of an array of planar platforms, each platform is disposed within a hermetic cavity, each platform is suspended by phononic nanowires forming a pixel within the hermetic cavity, each platform is cooled by a spontaneous blackbody first radiation emitted from its surfaces, and further wherein:

• at least one surface of each platform is configured to increase a first radiation;
• at least one hermetic cavity wall surface exposed to the first radiation is configured to increase absorptivity of the first radiation without reflection;
• the at least one surface of the hermetic cavity walls exposed to the platform is configured to minimize emission of blackbody second radiation;
• the phononic nanowires comprise phononic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure including phononic crystal (PnC) metamaterial and/or randomly disposed phonon scattering structures, thereby reducing thermal conductivity of the nanowires;
• the phononic MEMS structure comprises a crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor, wherein structural elements of the phononic MEMS structure are physically separated by less than the mean-free-path (mfp) of at least some heat conducting phonons;
• the phononic MEMS structure increases the ratio of electrical conductivity to thermal conductivity within the phononic nanowires;
• and
• the array of planar pixels comprises the Seebeck thermoelectric primary battery providing power for an application electrical device, and wherein the primary battery is formed of a multi-layer sandwich of semiconductor chips or wafers bonded together to define a plurality of the hermetic cavities within a lateral plane, wherein each chip or wafer is configured with structure to control a component of spontaneous blackbody radiation within each hermetic cavity.