A microserpentine comprising a plurality of u-bends, each having a degree of completeness (α), wherein an α value of 0° corresponds to a semi-circular shape, and wherein an α value of +90° corresponds to a complete circle and −90° corresponds to a straight shape, the microserpentine comprising a plurality of out of plane electrode structures;
- wherein each of the plurality of u-bends has an a value of from about 5° to about 15°, and wherein the microserpentine comprises a core comprised of a polymeric material coated with a conductive coating.