Resonator networks for improved label detection, computation, analyte sensing, and tunable random number generation

A label comprising:

• an input resonator;
• one or more mediating resonators, wherein a first one of the one or more mediating resonators is disposed proximate to the input resonator such that the first mediating resonator can receive energy from the input resonator;
• an output resonator, wherein at least one of the one or more mediating resonators is disposed within the label proximate to the output resonator such that the output resonator can receive energy from the at least one of the one or more mediating resonators;
• a receptor, wherein the receptor is an antibody, aptamer, or protein;
• and
• a backbone,
• wherein the receptor selectively interacts with an analyte of interest to permit detection of the presence, amount, or location of the analyte of interest in a sample, wherein the input resonator, the output resonator, the one or more mediating resonators, and the receptor are coupled to the backbone, and wherein the backbone maintains relative locations of the input resonator, the output resonator, and the one or more mediating resonators such that energy can be transmitted from the input resonator to the output resonator via the one or more mediating resonators when the receptor is bound to an analyte.