Apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment

An apparatus for continuous renal replacement therapy comprising:

• a blood circuit comprising a blood removal line, a treatment unit, and a blood return line, the blood treatment unit comprising a semipermeable membrane, a first chamber, and a second chamber, the semipermeable membrane being configured for separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the blood removal line having a first end destined to be connected to a vascular system of a subject and a second end connected to an inlet port of the first chamber, the blood return line having a first end connected to an outlet port of the first chamber and a second end destined to be connected to the vascular system;
• a replacement fluid container configured for containing a medical fluid;
• an infusion line having a first end connected to the replacement fluid container and a second end connected to the blood circuit;
• a blood pump active on the blood circuit;
• a replacement fluid pump active on the pre-infusion line;
• a control unit connected to the replacement fluid pump and to the blood pump and configured to operate one or both of the replacement fluid pump and the blood pump to perform a rinse-back procedure for restitution of blood to a patient at an end of treatment, the rinse-back procedure comprising:
• monitoring an amount of fluid present in the replacement fluid container at the time of activation of the rinse-back procedure;
• determining a selected rinse-back mode from a group comprising a plurality of rinse-back modes, wherein the selected rinse-back mode is determined at least based on the amount of the medical fluid present in the fluid container;
• and
• conveying blood contained in the blood circuit towards the second end of the blood return line using the medical fluid.

An apparatus for continuous renal replacement therapy comprising:

• a blood circuit comprising a blood removal line, a treatment unit, and a blood return line, the blood treatment unit comprising a semipermeable membrane, a first chamber, and a second chamber, the semipermeable membrane being configured for separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the blood removal line having a first end destined to be connected to a vascular system of a subject and a second end connected to an inlet port of the first chamber, the blood return line having a first end connected to an outlet port of the first chamber and a second end destined to be connected to the vascular system;
• a replacement fluid container configured for containing a medical fluid;
• an infusion line having a first end connected to the replacement fluid container and a second end connected to the blood circuit;
• a blood pump active on the blood circuit;
• a replacement fluid pump active on the pre-infusion line;
• and
• a control unit connected to the replacement fluid pump and to the blood pump and configured to operate one or both of the replacement fluid pump and the blood pump to perform a rinse-back procedure for restitution of blood to a patient at an end of treatment, the rinse-back procedure comprising:
• conveying blood contained in the blood circuit towards the second end of the blood return line using the medical fluid;
• blocking a fluid flow towards a first end of the blood removal line;
• enabling fluid flow through the blood return line;
• controlling the replacement fluid pump to convey fluid at a first flow rate from the replacement fluid container towards the treatment unit;
• controlling the replacement fluid pump to stop conveying fluid when a second predetermined amount of fluid has been conveyed;
• and
• disabling fluid flow through the blood return line;
• wherein the rinse-back procedure further comprises, while controlling the replacement fluid pump to convey fluid at a first flow rate from the replacement fluid container towards the treatment unit and after a predetermined pumped fluid volume with the replacement fluid pump, controlling the blood pump to convey fluid in reverse at a second flow rate towards the first end of the blood removal line, the first flow rate being higher than the second flow rate;
• and wherein the rinse-back procedure comprises controlling the blood pump to stop conveying fluid when a target amount of fluid has been conveyed.

An apparatus for continuous renal replacement therapy comprising:

• a blood circuit comprising a blood removal line, a treatment unit, and a blood return line, the blood treatment unit comprising a semipermeable membrane, a first chamber, and a second chamber, the semipermeable membrane being configured for separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the blood removal line having a first end destined to be connected to a vascular system of a subject and a second end connected to an inlet port of the first chamber, the blood return line having a first end connected to an outlet port of the first chamber and a second end destined to be connected to the vascular system;
• a replacement fluid container configured for containing a medical fluid;
• an infusion line having a first end connected to the replacement fluid container and a second end connected to the blood circuit;
• a blood pump active on the blood circuit;
• a replacement fluid pump active on the pre-infusion line;
• and
• a control unit connected to the replacement fluid pump and to the blood pump and configured to operate one or both of the replacement fluid pump and the blood pump to perform a rinse-back procedure for restitution of blood to a patient at an end of treatment, the rinse-back procedure comprising:
• conveying blood contained in the blood circuit towards the second end of the blood return line using the medical fluid;
• blocking a fluid flow towards a first end of the blood removal line;
• enabling fluid flow through the blood return line;
• controlling the replacement fluid pump to convey fluid at a first flow rate from the replacement fluid container towards the treatment unit;
• controlling the replacement fluid pump to stop conveying fluid when a second predetermined amount of fluid has been conveyed;
• and
• disabling fluid flow through the blood return line;
• wherein the rinse-back procedure further comprises performing a status check including determining an amount of fluid in one or more of a PBP fluid container, a dialysate container, and the replacement fluid container.

An apparatus for continuous renal replacement therapy comprising:

• a blood circuit comprising a blood removal line, a treatment unit, and a blood return line, the blood treatment unit comprising a semipermeable membrane, a first chamber, and a second chamber, the semipermeable membrane being configured for separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the blood removal line having a first end destined to be connected to a vascular system of a subject and a second end connected to an inlet port of the first chamber, the blood return line having a first end connected to an outlet port of the first chamber and a second end destined to be connected to the vascular system;
• a replacement fluid container configured for containing a medical fluid;
• an infusion line having a first end connected to the replacement fluid container and a second end connected to the blood circuit;
• a blood pump active on the blood circuit;
• a replacement fluid pump active on the pre-infusion line;
• a second pre-infusion line;
• a pre-blood pump (PBP) connected to the control unit and active on the second pre-infusion line;
• a PBP fluid container configured for containing a citrate solution;
• the second pre-infusion line having a first end connected to the PBP fluid container and a second end connected to the blood removal line, and
• a control unit connected to the replacement fluid pump and to the blood pump and configured to operate one or both of the replacement fluid pump and the blood pump to perform a rinse-back procedure for restitution of blood to a patient at an end of treatment, the rinse-back procedure comprising conveying blood contained in the blood circuit towards the second end of the blood return line using the medical fluid,
• wherein the control unit is configured to store PBP flow rate during treatment and, during the rinse-back procedure, the control unit is configured to infuse less than the equivalent of 10 minutes of mean PBP flow rate.