Combination therapy for treatment of thoracic cancer using Ad-REIC/Dkk-3 and a checkpoint inhibitor

A method for treating thoracic cancer which is resistant to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy, comprising administering to a subject with thoracic cancer a combination consisting of an Ad-REIC/Dkk-3, a check point inhibitor, and a carrier, wherein the Ad-REIC/Dkk-3 is an adenovirus vector comprising:

• (i) a CMV promoter;
• (ii) the following REIC/Dkk-3 DNA:
• (a) DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
• 1, or
• (b) DNA having at least 90% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1,
• (iii) a polyA sequence;
• and
• (iv) enhancers prepared by linking an human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) enhancer, an SV40 enhancer, and a CMV enhancer, wherein the hTERT enhancer is 5′ of the SV40 enhancer, and the SV40 enhancer is 5′ of the CMV enhancer,
• wherein the thoracic cancer is a mesothelioma or an EGFR-mutant lung cancer.