Laminate, sliding member, and method for manufacturing laminate

A sliding member comprising a laminate at a sliding portion, the laminate comprising

• a base substrate;
• and
• a coating layer formed on the base substrate;
• wherein the coating layer includes copper alloy portions derived from precipitation-hardening copper alloy particles and hard particle portions which are harder than the copper alloy portions;
• the hard particle portions are derived from hard particles;
• the portions bond with each other via an interface;
• each of the hard particle portions has a non-spherical shape;
• an aspect ratio of the hard particle portions is 1.3 or more in a median value, and
• the coating layer contains a precipitation phase at least in a part of an interface between the copper alloy particles, or at least in a part of a vicinity of an interface of the copper alloy particles adjacent to the hard particles.

A method for manufacturing a laminate, the laminate comprising

• a base substrate;
• and
• a coating layer formed on the base substrate;
• wherein the coating layer includes copper alloy portions derived from precipitation-hardening copper alloy particles and hard particle portions which are harder than the copper alloy portions;
• the hard particle portions are derived from hard particles;
• the portions bond with each other via an interface;
• each of the hard particle portions has a non-spherical shape;
• an aspect ratio of the hard particle portions is 1.3 or more in a median value, and
• the coating layer contains a precipitation phase at least in a part of an interface between the copper alloy particles, or at least in a part of a vicinity of an interface of the copper alloy particles adjacent to the hard particles,
• the method comprising:
• a step of spraying a mixture in a non-molten state including precipitation-hardening copper alloy particles and hard particles having a non-spherical shape and being harder than the copper alloy particles onto the base substrate, to form a coating layer on the base substrate.