# US 11,910,706 B2 · Light-emitting device including heterocyclic compound and electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device

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- Number: US 11,910,706 B2
- Document ID: US11910706B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/210,377
- Filed: 2021-03-23
- Published: 2021-11-25
- Granted: 2024-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2020-05-25
- Assignees: Samsung Display Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Samsung Display Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Minjung Jung; Taeil Kim; Sunyoung Pak; Junha Park; Jangyeol Baek; Munki Sim; Chanseok Oh
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11910706B2

## CPC

- H10K 85/636: {comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom}
- H10K 85/633: {comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom}
- H10K 85/656: {comprising two or more different heteroatoms per ring (H10K85/652 takes precedence)}
- H10K 85/657: {Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons}
- H10K 85/6572: {comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole}
- H10K 85/658: {Organoboranes}
- H10K 50/11: characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K 50/15: Hole transporting layers
- H10K 50/16: Electron transporting layers
- H10K 50/171: {Electron injection layers}
- H10K 85/40: Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES

## Abstract

Provided are a light-emitting device including a heterocyclic compound and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and the emission layer includes at least one heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode; and
an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer,
wherein the interlayer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer,
the hole transport region comprises a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof, and
the emission layer comprises at least one heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1:
wherein, in Formula 1,
X2 is O, S, Se, C(Z2a)(Z2b), or N(Z2a),
X3 is O, S, Se, C(Z3a)(Z3b), or N(Z3a),
X4 is O, S, Se, C(Z4a)(Z4b), or N(Z4a),
ring CY1 to ring CY4 are each independently a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group,
R0 to R5, Z2a, Z2b, Z3a, Z3b, Z4a, and Z4b are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
a1 to a4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 20,
a56 is an integer selected from 0 to 6,
Z2a or Z2b is optionally linked to R2 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Z3a or Z3b is optionally linked to R3 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Z4a or Z4b is optionally linked to R4 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R10a is:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof;
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof; or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), and
Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C6 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof,
wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202,
L201 to L204 are each independently a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
L205 is *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q201)-*′, a C1-C20 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C20 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
xa1 to xa4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5,
xa5 is an integer selected from 1 to 10,
R201 to R204 and Q201 are each independently a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R201 and R202 are optionally linked to each other, via a single bond, a C1-C5 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C2-C5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, to form a C8-C60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R203 and R204 are optionally linked to each other, via a single bond, a C1-C5 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C2-C5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, to form a C8-C60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
na1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4, and
and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein:
the first electrode is an anode,
the second electrode is a cathode,
the interlayer further comprises an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,
the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and
the electron transport region comprises a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein:
at least one selected from the hole transport region and the emission layer comprises an arylamine-containing compound, an acridine-containing compound, a carbazole-containing compound, or any combination thereof; or
at least one selected from the emission layer and the electron transport region comprises a silicon-containing compound, a phosphine oxide-containing compound, a sulfur oxide-containing compound, a phosphorus oxide-containing compound, a triazine-containing compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, a pyridine-containing compound, a dibenzofuran-containing compound, a dibenzothiophene-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein X2 is O or N(Z2a).

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein ring CY1 to ring CY4 are each independently a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least one selected from ring CY1 to ring CY4 is a benzene group.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R0 to R5, Z2a, Z2b, Z3a, Z3b, Z4a, and Z4b are each independently:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C2-C20 alkynyl group, or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), or any combination thereof,
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothienyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, a piperidinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenothiazinyl group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline group, or a phenoxazinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C2-C20 alkynyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), or any combination thereof, or
—B(Q1)(Q2), —P(Q1)(Q2), or —C(═O)(Q1).

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein ring CY1 and ring CY2 are identical to each other.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises at least one heterocyclic compound represented by any of Formulae 1A to 1D:
wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1D,
X2 to X4, ring CY1 to ring CY4, R0 to R5, a1 to a4, and a56 are each the same as described in claim 1,
X2A is C(Z2a)(Z2b) or N(Z2a),
X3B is C(Z3a)(Z3b) or N(Z3a),
X4C is C(Z4a)(Z4b) or N(Z4a),
ring CY6 to ring CY8 are each the same as described in connection with ring CY1 in claim 1,
R6 to R8 are each the same as described in connection with R1 in claim 1, and
a6 to a8 are each the same as described in connection with a1 in claim 1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises at least one heterocyclic compound represented by any of Formulae 1A-1 to 1D-1:
wherein, in Formulae 1A-1 to 1D-1,
X2 to X4, ring CY1 to ring CY4, R0 to R5, a1 to a4, and a56 are each the same as described in claim 1,
X2A is C(Z2a)(Z2b) or N(Z2a),
X3B is C(Z3a)(Z3b) or N(Z3a),
X4C is C(Z4a)(Z4b) or N(Z4a),
R6 to R8 are each the same as described in connection with R1 in claim 1,
a66 is the same as described in connection with a56 in claim 1, and
a74 and a84 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises at least one heterocyclic compound selected from Compounds 1 to 40:

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer emits blue light or turquoise light.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer has a lowest excitation triplet energy level of equal to or greater than 2.5 eV and equal to or less than 3.0 eV.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein:
the light-emitting device further comprises a second capping layer outside the second electrode, and
the second capping layer comprises one selected from a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine group-based compound, a porphyrine derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-based complex, and any combination thereof.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 included in the emission layer serves as a delayed fluorescence dopant to emit delayed fluorescence from the emission layer.

### Claim 16

A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode; and
an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer,
wherein the light-emitting device further comprises a second capping layer outside the second electrode, the second capping layer having a refractive index of equal to or greater than 1.6, and
the emission layer comprises at least one heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1:
wherein, in Formula 1,
X2 is O, S, Se, C(Z2a)(Z2b), or N(Z2a),
X3 is O, S, Se, C(Z3a)(Z3b), or N(Z3a),
X4 is O, S, Se, C(Z4a)(Z4b), or N(Z4a),
ring CY1 to ring CY4 are each independently a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group,
R0 to R5, Z2a, Z2b, Z3a, Z3b, Z4a, and Z4b are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C6 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
a1 to a4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 20,
a56 is an integer selected from 0 to 6,
Z2a or Z2b is optionally linked to R2 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C6 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Z3a or Z3b is optionally linked to R3 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C6 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Z4a or Z4b is optionally linked to R4 to form a C3-C60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C6 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R10a is selected from:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof;
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C6 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof; or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), and
Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C6 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein an encapsulation portion is on the second capping layer.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the encapsulation portion comprises:
an inorganic film comprising silicon nitride, silicon oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof;
an organic film comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acryl-based resin, epoxy-based resin, or any combination thereof; or
a combination of the inorganic film and the organic film.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

An electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein:
the electronic apparatus further comprises a thin-film transistor,
the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and
the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically coupled to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The electronic apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electronic apparatus further comprises a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof.