# US 11,909,439 B2 · Wavefront sensor with inner detector and outer detector > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,909,439 B2 - Document ID: US11909439B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/726,247 - Filed: 2022-04-21 - Published: 2022-10-27 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2021-04-23 - Assignees: SA Photonics, Inc. - Applicants: SA Photonics, Inc. - Inventors: Greg G. Mitchell; William C. Dickson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11909439B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/112: Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range - H04B 10/1121: {One-way transmission} - H04B 10/07953: {Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q} - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A free-space optical (FSO) terminal may include a controller and an alignment sensor. The alignment sensor includes a set of detectors. Each detector generates a signal responsive to receiving electromagnetic radiation at a detection surface. The set of detectors includes an inner set of detectors and an outer set of detectors. The detection surfaces of the inner detectors and the outer detectors may be aligned in a plane. The outer set of detectors surround the inner set of detectors (e.g., in the plane) and have larger detection surfaces than the inner set of detectors. During a tracking mode, the controller is configured to adjust an orientation of the FSO terminal based on signals from the inner set of detectors. During an acquisition mode, the controller is configured to adjust the orientation of the FSO terminal based on signals from the outer set of detectors. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A free-space optical (FSO) terminal comprising: an alignment sensor comprising a set of detectors, each detector configured to generate a signal responsive to receiving electromagnetic radiation at a detection surface of the detector, the set of detectors comprising: an inner set of plural detectors with detection surfaces in a plane; and an outer set of plural detectors with detection surfaces in the plane, wherein the outer set of plural detectors surrounds the inner set of plural detectors in the planet, and wherein the outer set of plural detectors has a combined detection surface area greater than a combined detection surface area of the inner set of plural detectors; and a controller configured to: during a tracking process, adjust an orientation of the FSO terminal based on signals from the inner set of plural detectors; and during an acquisition process, adjust the orientation of the FSO terminal based on signals from the outer set of plural detectors. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein, during the tracking process, the controller is configured to not use signals from the outer set of plural detectors. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein, during the acquisition process, the controller is further configured to use signals from the inner set of plural detectors. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to perform the tracking process responsive to the FSO terminal establishing an FSO communication link with a remote FSO terminal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to perform the acquisition process responsive to the FSO terminal not participating in an FSO communication link with a remote FSO terminal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein signals from the inner set of plural detectors have a greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than signals from the outer set of plural detectors. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein each detection surface of the inner set of plural detectors is smaller than each detection surface of the outer set of plural detectors. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors forms a circle or a ring at the plane, and wherein the outer set of plural detectors forms a ring around the inner set of plural detectors at the plane. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors forms a rectangle at the plane, and wherein the outer set of plural detectors forms a rectangle around the inner set of plural detectors at the plane. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the set of detectors further comprises a second outer set of plural detectors with detection surfaces in the plane, and wherein the second outer set of plural detectors surrounds the outer set of plural detectors in the plane. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors includes at least three detectors, and wherein the outer set of plural detectors includes at least three detectors. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors and the outer set of plural detectors include a same number of detectors. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors and the outer set of plural detectors include a same type of detector. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the detection surfaces of the outer set of plural detectors is larger than the detection surfaces of the inner set of plural detectors. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, further comprising a masking layer covering a portion of the alignment sensor. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein each detector surface of the inner set of plural detectors or the outer set of plural detectors is substantially the same size. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of detectors surrounds a cavity in the alignment sensor in the plane. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the inner set of plural detectors surrounds a detector that is not part of the inner set of plural detectors or the outer set of plural detectors. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The FSO terminal of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to adjust an orientation of a beam steering unit in order to adjust the orientation of the FSO terminal. ### Claim 20 A method comprising: receiving electromagnetic radiation via detection surfaces of plural detectors of an FSO terminal; generating a signal in response to the electromagnetic radiation received at the detection surfaces; causing an adjustment of an orientation of the FSO terminal during a tracking process based on the generated signal derived from an inner set of plural detectors of the plural detectors; and causing an adjustment of the orientation of the FSO terminal based on an acquisition process based on the generated signal derived from an outer set of plural detectors of the plural detectors; wherein the outer set of plural detectors surrounds the inner set of plural detectors, and wherein the detection surfaces of the outer set of plural detectors and the inner set of plural detectors are located in a plane.