# US 11,909,302 B2 · Active neutral point clamped switch sequence for parasitic inductance control of a power conversion assembly > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,909,302 B2 - Document ID: US11909302B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/199,848 - Filed: 2021-03-12 - Published: 2022-09-15 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2021-03-12 - Assignees: GE Infrastructure Technology LLC - Applicants: General Electric Company - Inventors: Fernando Arturo Ramirez Sanchez; Robert Gregory Wagoner; Nathaniel Robert Michener - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11909302B2 ## CPC - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 1/0051: {Diode reverse recovery losses} - H02M 5/4585: {having a rectifier with controlled elements} - H02M 7/003: {Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections} - H02M 7/487: Neutral point clamped inverters - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - H02J 2101/28: Wind energy - H02P 9/007: {Control circuits for doubly fed generators} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS ## Abstract A method for operating a multi-level bridge power converter of an electrical power system connected to a power grid includes providing a plurality of switching devices of the power converter in an active neutral point clamped topology. The method also includes operating the plurality of switching devices in a plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter to minimize a commutation path of the current when at least one diode of the plurality of switching devices recovers, thereby reducing parasitic inductance affecting the recovering antiparallel diode or the switch. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for operating a multi-level bridge power converter of an electrical power system connected to a power grid, the power converter having a first converter coupled to a second converter via a DC link, the method comprising: providing a plurality of switching devices of the power converter in an active neutral point clamped topology; and operating the plurality of switching devices in a plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter to minimize a commutation path of the current when at least one antiparallel diode or switch of the plurality of switching devices recovers, thereby reducing parasitic inductance affecting the antiparallel diode or the switch, wherein the plurality of switching devices comprises, at least, a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, wherein the plurality of IGBT modules comprises a first IGBT module comprising a first IGBT switch coupled to a first antiparallel diode, a second IGBT module comprising a second IGBT switch coupled to a second antiparallel diode, a third IGBT module comprising a third IGBT switch coupled to a third antiparallel diode, a fourth IGBT module comprising a fourth IGBT switch coupled to a fourth antiparallel diode, a fifth IGBT module comprising a fifth IGBT switch coupled to a fifth antiparallel diode, and a sixth IGBT module comprising a sixth IGBT switch coupled to a sixth antiparallel diode, and wherein the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices comprises a first recovery path and a second recovery path, wherein the first recovery path comprises one of (1) the fifth antiparallel diode and the second IGBT switch or (2) the second antiparallel diode and the fifth IGBT switch, and wherein the second recovery path comprises one of (1) the sixth IGBT switch and the third antiparallel diode or (2) the third IGBT switch and the sixth antiparallel diode. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: electrically coupling the first and fifth IGBT module together in series to form a first IGBT module package; electrically coupling the second and third IGBT module together in series to form a second IGBT module package; and electrically coupling the fourth and sixth IGBT module together in series to form a third IGBT module package. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising electrically coupling a gate amplifier at a connection between at least one of the first and fifth IGBT module, the second and third IGBT module, or the fourth and sixth IGBT module. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: electrically connecting an alternating current (AC) terminal of the power converter to one of a positive voltage terminal, a negative voltage terminal, or a midpoint voltage terminal via one or more of the plurality of switching devices. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the plurality of operating states comprises at least one of a first operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the positive voltage terminal by closing the first and second IGBT switches, a second operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the positive voltage terminal by closing the first and second antiparallel diodes, a third operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the midpoint voltage terminal by closing the second and sixth IGBT switches and the third and fifth antiparallel diodes, a fourth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the midpoint voltage terminal by closing the third and fifth IGBT switches and the second and sixth antiparallel diodes, a fifth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the negative voltage terminal by closing the third and fourth antiparallel diodes, and a sixth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the negative voltage terminal by closing the third and fourth IGBT switches. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the fifth operating state to the third operating state such that the current from recovery of the first and fourth diodes flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths, at least one of the two parallel recovery paths being shorter than the other. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the second operating state to the fourth operating state such that the current from recovery of the first and fourth diodes flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths, at least one of the two parallel recovery paths being shorter than the other. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the third operating state to the fifth operating state by: turning off the second IGBT switch, thereby allowing a first parasitic inductance between the fifth diode and the second IGBT switch to discharge energy without forcing excessive voltage across the second IGBT switch; and subsequently turning off the sixth IGBT switch, thereby allowing energy in a second parasitic inductance between the sixth IGBT switch and the third antiparallel diode to remain as-is such that turning off the sixth IGBT does not cause a voltage overshoot across the sixth IGBT. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the fourth operating state to the second operating state by: turning off the third IGBT switch, thereby allowing the second parasitic inductance to discharge energy without forcing excessive voltage across the third IGBT switch; and subsequently turning off the fifth IGBT switch, thereby allowing energy in the first parasitic inductance to remain as-is such that turning off the fifth IGBT does not cause a voltage overshoot across the fifth IGBT. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-level bridge power converter is a three-level bridge power converter, and wherein the electrical power system comprises a wind turbine power system, a solar power system, an energy storage power system, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 11 An electrical power system, comprising: a doubly-fed induction generator having a rotor and a stator, the stator providing AC power to a stator bus; a multi-level bridge power converter coupled to the rotor of the doubly-fed induction generator, the power converter comprising a first converter coupled to a second converter via a DC link, at least one of the first converter or the second converter comprising a plurality of switching devices arranged in an active neutral point clamped topology; a controller communicatively coupled to the power converter, the controller comprising at least one processor configured to implement a plurality of operations, the plurality of operations comprising: operating the plurality of switching devices in a plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter to minimize a commutation path of the current when at least one antiparallel diode or switch of the plurality of switching devices recovers, thereby reducing parasitic inductance affecting the antiparallel diode or the switch, wherein the plurality of switching devices comprises, at least, a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, wherein the plurality of IGBT modules comprises a first IGBT module comprising a first IGBT switch coupled to a first antiparallel diode, a second IGBT module comprising a second IGBT switch coupled to a second antiparallel diode, a third IGBT module comprising a third IGBT switch coupled to a third antiparallel diode, a fourth IGBT module comprising a fourth IGBT switch coupled to a fourth antiparallel diode, a fifth IGBT module comprising a fifth IGBT switch coupled to a fifth antiparallel diode, and a sixth IGBT module comprising a sixth IGBT switch coupled to a sixth antiparallel diode, and wherein the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices comprises a first recovery path and a second recovery path, wherein the first recovery path comprises one of (1) the fifth antiparallel diode and the second IGBT switch or (2) the second antiparallel diode and the fifth IGBT switch, and wherein the second recovery path comprises one of (1) the sixth IGBT switch and the third antiparallel diode or (2) the third IGBT switch and the sixth antiparallel diode. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, further comprising: electrically coupling the first and fifth IGBT module together in series to form a first IGBT module package; electrically coupling the second and third IGBT module together in series to form a second IGBT module package; and electrically coupling the fourth and sixth IGBT module together in series to form a third IGBT module package. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, further comprising electrically coupling a gate amplifier at a connection between at least one of the first and fifth IGBT module, the second and third IGBT module, or the fourth and sixth IGBT module. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: electrically connecting an alternating current (AC) terminal of the power converter to one of a positive voltage terminal, a negative voltage terminal, or a midpoint voltage terminal via one or more of the plurality of switching devices. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of operating states comprises at least one of a first operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the positive voltage terminal by closing the first and second IGBT switches, a second operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the positive voltage terminal by closing the first and second antiparallel diodes, a third operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the midpoint voltage terminal by closing the second and sixth IGBT switches and the third and fifth antiparallel diodes, a fourth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the midpoint voltage terminal by closing the third and fifth IGBT switches and the second and sixth antiparallel diodes, a fifth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the negative voltage terminal by closing the third and fourth antiparallel diodes, and a sixth operating state having the AC terminal electrically connected to the negative voltage terminal by closing the third and fourth IGBT switches. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the third operating state to the fifth operating state such that the current from recovery of the first and fourth diodes flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths, at least one of the two parallel recovery paths being shorter than the other; and, transitioning from the fourth operating state to the second operating state such that the current from recovery of the first and fourth diodes flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths, at least one of the two parallel recovery paths being shorter than the other. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein operating the plurality of switching devices in the plurality of operating states such that current simultaneously flows through the at least two parallel recovery paths of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the power converter further comprises: transitioning from the third operating state to the fifth operating state by: turning off the second IGBT switch, thereby allowing a first parasitic inductance between the fifth diode and the second IGBT switch to discharge energy without forcing excessive voltage across the second IGBT switch; and subsequently turning off the sixth IGBT switch, thereby allowing energy in a second parasitic inductance between the sixth IGBT switch and the third antiparallel diode to remain as-is such that turning off the sixth IGBT does not cause a voltage overshoot across the sixth IGBT; and, transitioning from the fourth operating state to the second operating state by: turning off the third IGBT switch, thereby allowing the second parasitic inductance to discharge energy without forcing excessive voltage across the third IGBT switch; and subsequently turning off the fifth IGBT switch, thereby allowing energy in the first parasitic inductance to remain as-is such that turning off the fifth IGBT does not cause a voltage overshoot across the fifth IGBT.