# US 11,909,263 B1 · Planar rotary transformer > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,909,263 B1 - Document ID: US11909263B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/355,672 - Filed: 2019-03-15 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2016-10-19 - Assignees: Waymo LLC - Applicants: Waymo LLC - Inventors: Paul Karplus - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11909263B1 ## CPC - H02K 11/20: for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching (rectifiers H02K11/04; power electronics H02K11/33) - H02K 1/12: Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit - H02K 1/14: Stator cores with salient poles - H02K 1/22: Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit - H02K 1/24: Rotor cores with salient poles {; Variable reluctance rotors} - H02K 3/28: Layout of windings or of connections between windings (windings for pole-changing H02K17/06, H02K17/14, H02K19/12, H02K19/32) - H02K 2211/03: Machines characterised by circuit boards, e.g. pcb - H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53}) ## Abstract One example device includes a rotor platform that rotates about an axis of rotation. The device also includes a rotor coil comprising a first plurality of conductive loops disposed along a planar mounting surface of the rotor platform. The device also includes a stator platform and a stator coil comprising a second plurality of conductive loops disposed along a planar mounting surface of the stator platform. The rotor coil and the stator coil are coaxially arranged about the axis of rotation. The stator coil remains within a first predetermined distance to the rotor coil in response to rotation of the rotor platform. The device also includes a magnetic core extending along the axis of rotation and through the stator coil. The magnetic core remains within a second predetermined distance to the stator coil in response to rotation of the rotor platform. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A device comprising: a rotor platform that rotates about an axis of rotation, the rotor platform including a rotor planar mounting surface; a rotor coil comprising a first plurality of conductive loops disposed along the rotor planar mounting surface; a stator platform including a stator planar mounting surface; a stator coil comprising a second plurality of conductive loops disposed along the stator planar mounting surface; and a plurality of light sources on at least one of the rotor planar mounting surface or the stator planar mounting surface, for emitting light toward the other of the rotor planar mounting surface or the stator planar mounting surface, wherein at least one of the first plurality of conductive loops of the rotor coil or the second plurality of conductive loops of the stator coil are patterned on a printed circuit board (PCB) and concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, further comprising: a magnetic core extending along the axis of rotation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the magnetic core extends through the stator coil. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the magnetic core remains within a given distance to the stator coil in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the magnetic core extends through the rotor coil. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the magnetic core remains within a given distance to the rotor coil in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the rotor coil and the stator coil are coaxially arranged about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the stator coil remains within a given distance to the rotor coil in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light sources are in a circular arrangement about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The device of claim 9, wherein the plurality of light sources emit a plurality of diverging light beams toward the other of the rotor planar mounting surface or the stator planar mounting surface, wherein adjacent light beams of the plurality intersect to form a ring-shaped light beam incident on the other of the rotor planar mounting surface or the stator planar mounting surface. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, further comprising: a light detector mounted on the other of the rotor planar mounting surface or the stator planar mounting surface, wherein the light detector remains at least partially overlapping the ring-shaped light beam in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the rotor planar mounting surface remains substantially parallel to the stator planar mounting surface in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor mounted on the rotor platform. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, further comprising: circuitry coupled to the rotor coil, wherein the circuitry conditions an induced electrical current flowing through the rotor coil, wherein the induced electrical current is based on a corresponding electrical current flowing through the stator coil, and wherein the circuitry provides the conditioned electrical current to power the sensor. ### Claim 15 A device comprising: a first platform having a first side; a second platform having a second side positioned to overlap the first side of the first platform; an actuator that rotates the first platform relative to the second platform and about an axis of rotation of the first platform; a first coil included in the first platform, the first coil comprising a first plurality of conductive loops in a first coplanar arrangement substantially parallel to the first side; a second coil included in the second platform, the second coil comprising a second plurality of conductive loops in a second coplanar arrangement substantially parallel to the second side; and a plurality of light sources included in at least one of the first platform or the second platform, for emitting light toward the other of the first platform or the second platform, wherein at least one of the first plurality of conductive loops of the first coil or the second plurality of conductive loops of the second coil are patterned on a printed circuit board (PCB) and concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, further comprising: a magnetic core extending through the first coil and the second coil. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The device of claim 16, wherein a surface of the magnetic core adjacent to the first coil remains within a given distance to the first coil in response to the actuator rotating the first platform. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The device of claim 17, wherein the surface of the magnetic core has a substantially cylindrical shape defined by an axis of cylinder aligned with the axis of rotation of the first platform. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The device of claim 17, wherein the surface of the magnetic core also remains within the given distance to the second coil in response to the actuator rotating the first platform. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the first side remains within a given distance to the second side in response to the actuator rotating the first platform. ### Claim 21 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the first plurality of conductive loops of the first coil is coplanar along a first geometric plane, and wherein the first coil further comprises a third plurality of conductive loops in a coplanar arrangement along a second geometric plane that is substantially parallel to the first geometric plane. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The device of claim 21, further comprising: an electrical contact that electrically couples the first plurality of conductive loops to the third plurality of conductive loops, the electrical contact extending between a first conductive loop of the first plurality of conductive loops and a second conductive loop of the third plurality of conductive loops. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The device of claim 22, wherein the first conductive loop overlaps the second conductive loop. ### Claim 24 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the first platform comprises the PCB, wherein the first plurality of conductive loops comprise conductive tracks patterned along a single layer of the PCB. ### Claim 25 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the first plurality of conductive loops comprise: a first conductive loop having a first substantially circular-arc shaped segment of conductive material, wherein a center axis of the circular-arc shaped segment is aligned along the axis of rotation of the first platform; and a second conductive loop having a second substantially circular-arc shaped segment of conductive material concentrically arranged with the first conductive loop about the center axis. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The device of claim 25, wherein the first plurality of conductive loops further comprise: a segment of conductive material extending from an end of the first substantially circular-arc shaped segment to an end of the second substantially circular-arc shaped segment. ### Claim 27 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of light sources are mounted in a circular arrangement about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 28 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, further comprising: a light detector included in the other of the first platform or the second platform and configured to receive light emitted by at least one of the plurality of light sources. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The device of claim 28, wherein the plurality of light sources emit a plurality of diverging light beams toward the other of the first platform or the second platform, wherein the plurality of light beams intersect to form a ring-shaped light beam incident on the other of the first platform or the first platform, and wherein the light detector remains at least partially overlapping the ring-shaped light beam in response to the actuator rotating the first platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 30 A device comprising: a rotor platform that rotates about an axis of rotation; a rotor printed circuit board (PCB) mounted to the rotor platform; a stator platform; a stator PCB mounted to the stator platform; a rotor coil comprising a first plurality of conductive loops patterned along a single layer of the rotor PCB; a stator coil comprising a second plurality conductive loops patterned along a single layer of the stator PCB; and a plurality of light sources on at least one of the rotor PCB or the stator PCB for emitting light toward the other of the rotor PCB or the stator PCB, wherein at least one of the first plurality of conductive loops patterned along the single layer of the rotor PCB or the second plurality of conductive loops patterned along the single layer of the stator PCB are concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The device of claim 30, further comprising: a magnetic core extending through the rotor coil and the stator coil. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The device of claim 31, wherein a surface of the magnetic core remains at a first distance to the rotor coil and the stator coil responsive to rotation of the rotor coil about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The device of claim 32, wherein the rotor PCB remains at a second distance to the stator PCB in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 34 (depends on 30) The device of claim 30, wherein the rotor coil and the stator coil are concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation such that the rotor coil remains at least partially overlapping the stator coil responsive to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 35 (depends on 30) The device of claim 30, further comprising: one or more additional conductive loops patterned along another single layer of the rotor PCB, wherein the one or more additional conductive loops are concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation of the rotor platform, and wherein the one or more conductive loops of the single layer overlap the one or more additional conductive loops of the other single layer. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The device of claim 35, further comprising: an electrical contact electrically coupling the first plurality of conductive loops in the single layer of the rotor PCB to the one or more additional conductive loops of the other single layer. ### Claim 37 (depends on 30) The device of claim 30, wherein the plurality of light sources are mounted in a circular arrangement about the axis of rotation. ### Claim 38 (depends on 37) The device of claim 37, wherein the plurality of light sources emit a plurality of diverging light beams to form a ring-shaped light beam incident on the other of the rotor PCB and the stator PCB. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The device of claim 38, wherein a given light beam of the plurality intersects with an adjacent light beam of the plurality at a first distance from the rotor PCB or stator PCB on which the plurality of light sources are mounted, and wherein the first distance is less than a second distance between the rotor PCB and the stator PCB. ### Claim 40 (depends on 38) The device of claim 38, further comprising: a light detector mounted to the other of the rotor PCB or the stator PCB, wherein the light detector remains at least partially overlapping the ring-shaped light beam in response to rotation of the rotor platform about the axis of rotation.