# US 11,909,050 B2 · Ion-conductive organic networks for battery applications

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- Number: US 11,909,050 B2
- Document ID: US11909050B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/280,649
- Filed: 2019-10-02
- Published: 2022-02-10
- Granted: 2024-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2018-10-03
- Assignees: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
- Applicants: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
- Inventors: Zhenan Bao; Zhiao Yu; Dawei Feng; Min Ah Lee; Yi Cui; Allen Pei
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11909050B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/667: {in the form of layers, e.g. coatings}
- H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/054: Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
- H01M 10/0562: Solid materials
- H01M 10/0565: Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An anode includes: (1) a current collector; and (2) an interfacial layer disposed over the current collector. The interfacial layer includes an ion-conductive organic network including anionic coordination units, organic linkers bonded through the anionic coordination units, and counterions dispersed in the ion-conductive organic network.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An anode comprising:
a current collector; and
an interfacial layer disposed over the current collector,
wherein the interfacial layer includes an ion-conductive organic network including anionic coordination units, organic linkers bonded through the anionic coordination units, and counterions dispersed in the ion-conductive organic network.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein each of the anionic coordination units includes a metal cation.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The anode of claim 2, wherein each of the anionic coordination units further includes a plurality of non-metal anions bonded to the metal cation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein the anionic coordination units include multiple sub-populations of anionic coordination units, and the multiple sub-populations of anionic coordination units include respective and different metal cations.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein the counterions include lithium cations, sodium cations, calcium cations, or magnesium cations.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the counterions is at least about 0.1% by weight relative to a total weight of the ion-conductive organic network.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the counterions is at least about 1% by weight relative to a total weight of the ion-conductive organic network.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, further comprising an anode material disposed between the current collector and the interfacial layer.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The anode of claim 8, wherein the anode material is lithium metal, sodium metal, calcium metal, or magnesium metal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein each of the organic linkers is a linear chain.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The anode of claim 10, wherein the linear chain is a polyalkylene oxide chain, a fluorinated polyalkylene oxide chain, a hydrocarbon chain, a fluorinated hydrocarbon chain, a polysiloxane chain, a polybutyldiene chain, or a polyisoprene chain.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein the interfacial layer has an ionic conductivity of at least about 10−6 S/cm.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein the interfacial layer has a lithium transference number of at least about 0.5.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The anode of claim 1, wherein the interfacial layer includes multiple sub-layers, and at least one of the sub-layers includes the ion-conductive organic network.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

A battery comprising:
the anode of claim 1;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 16

A battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a solid electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode,
wherein the solid electrolyte includes an ion-conductive organic network including anionic coordination units and organic linkers bonded through the anionic coordination units.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The battery of claim 16, wherein each of the anionic coordination units includes a metal cation and a plurality of non-metal anions bonded to the metal cation.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The battery of claim 16, wherein the ion-conductive organic network further includes counterions dispersed in the ion-conductive organic network, wherein the counterions include lithium cations, sodium cations, calcium cations, or magnesium cations, and wherein a concentration of the counterions is at least about 0.1% by weight relative to a total weight of the ion-conductive organic network.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The battery of claim 16, wherein each of the organic linkers includes a cyclic hydrocarbon moiety.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The battery of claim 19, wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon moiety is saturated or unsaturated.