# US 11,906,998 B2 · NMOS super source follower low dropout regulator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,906,998 B2 - Document ID: US11906998B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/483,005 - Filed: 2021-09-23 - Published: 2023-03-23 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2021-09-23 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Reetika Kumari Agarwal; Abbas Komijani - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906998B2 ## CPC - G05F 1/575: characterised by the feedback circuit - G05F 1/59: including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES ## Abstract Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a low-voltage dropout regulator and more specifically to improving a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of the low dropout voltage regulator. The low dropout voltage regulator may be used to generate various voltages for integrated circuits of an electronic device. In some cases, a P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator may be used. However, the PMOS LDO may not provide a sufficient PSRR or reduction in supply noise. To address these issues, an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) LDO voltage regulator having an NMOS pass transistor may be used. The NMOS LDO may provide a lower impedance than the PMOS LDO. Further, the NMOS LDO may provide an increased bandwidth and consume a smaller physical area than the PMOS LDO. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A low dropout voltage regulator comprising: a current source; a first n-type transistor having a first gate coupled to the current source and a first source coupled to a second source of a p-type transistor; the p-type transistor having a first drain directly coupled to a second gate of a second n-type transistor; and a compensation capacitor coupled to the current source, the first gate of the first n-type transistor, and a second drain of the second n-type transistor. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 1, comprising an additional transistor having a third drain coupled to the first drain of the p-type transistor. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the p-type transistor and the first n-type transistor provide a feedback loop for a current of the low dropout voltage regulator. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 1, comprising: an additional current source; and a buffer transistor having a third source coupled to the first gate of the first n-type transistor and the additional current source, the buffer transistor having a third drain coupled to ground. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 4, wherein the additional current source and the buffer transistor improve a power supply rejection ratio of the low dropout voltage regulator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 1, comprising a noise filter comprising a resistor and a filter capacitor coupled to a third gate of the p-type transistor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the resistor and the filter capacitor are configured to filter noise from a reference voltage of an operational amplifier. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the noise filter is coupled to a second p-type transistor. ### Claim 9 A low dropout voltage regulator comprising: a first current source; a compensation capacitor coupled to the first current source; a buffer transistor having a first gate, a first source, and a first drain, the first gate coupled to the compensation capacitor; a second current source coupled to the first source; an n-type transistor having a second gate, a second source, and a second drain, the second gate coupled to the second current source and the first source of the buffer transistor, the second source coupled to an output; and a p-type transistor having a third source coupled to the output. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 9, wherein the buffer transistor and the second current source comprise a source follower. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 10, wherein the source follower improves a power supply rejection ratio of the low dropout voltage regulator. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 9, wherein an impedance of the n-type transistor is less than an impedance of the p-type transistor. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 9, comprising an additional n-type transistor having a fourth drain coupled to a third drain of the p-type transistor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The low dropout voltage regulator of claim 13, wherein the third drain of the p-type transistor is coupled to a third gate of the additional n-type transistor. ### Claim 15 An electronic device comprising: a primary low dropout voltage regulator comprising a first current source, an n-type transistor having a first gate coupled to the first current source and a first source coupled to an output, and a p-type transistor having a second source coupled to the first source of the n-type transistor and a first drain coupled to a second gate of a second n-type transistor; and a secondary low dropout voltage regulator coupled to the primary low dropout voltage regulator via a resistor coupled to an output of an operational amplifier and a second current source, the resistor and the second current source configured to control an input voltage of the secondary low dropout voltage regulator from the primary low dropout voltage regulator based on an output voltage of the operational amplifier. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, the primary low dropout voltage regulator comprising a compensation capacitor coupled to the first current source, the first gate of the n-type transistor and the first drain of the second n-type transistor. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The electronic device of claim 16, the secondary low dropout voltage regulator comprising a third current source, an additional n-type transistor having a second gate coupled to the third current source and a third source coupled to an additional output, and an additional p-type transistor having a fourth source coupled to the third source of the additional n-type transistor and a second drain coupled to a third gate of a second additional n-type transistor. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the resistor and second current source are configured to reduce the input voltage of the secondary low dropout voltage regulator based on the output voltage of the operational amplifier. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, the secondary low dropout voltage regulator comprising an additional resistor coupled to a second drain third gate of the n-type transistor and coupled to the second current source, and a capacitor coupled to the resistor and the second drain third gate, wherein the additional resistor and the capacitor comprise an input filter for the secondary low dropout voltage regulator. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, comprising an additional low dropout voltage regulator coupled to the primary low dropout voltage regulator via a second resistor and a filter capacitor, and a third current source, the third current source being configured to control an input voltage of the additional low dropout voltage regulator from the primary low dropout voltage regulator.