# US 11,906,940 B2 · Two-tier feedback control system and related method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,906,940 B2 - Document ID: US11906940B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/177,765 - Filed: 2023-03-03 - Published: 2023-09-14 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2022-03-08 - Assignees: xMEMS Labs, Inc. - Applicants: xMEMS Labs, Inc. - Inventors: Jemm Yue Liang; Chieh-Yao Chang; Hsi-Sheng Chen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906940B2 ## CPC - G05B 13/042: {in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance} - H02M 1/0025: {Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter} - G05B 11/01: electric - H02M 3/1582: {Buck-boost converters (H02M3/1584 takes precedence)} - H04R 3/06: of electrostatic transducers - H03K 7/08: Duration or width modulation {; Duty cycle modulation} - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) ## Abstract The present invention discloses a feedback control system. The feedback control system comprises a plant, configured to produce an output according to a control signal; a first summing block, configured to produce a first difference between an input signal and a measured output signal; a first controller, configured to generate the control signal, such that the first difference decreases to be less than a first threshold or is less than the first threshold; wherein the first controller comprises a memory configured to store a table, and the table contains information of a plurality of transfer functions corresponding to a plurality of operating conditions; wherein the first controller determines an operating condition under which the plant operates, and chooses to utilize a transfer function corresponding to the operating condition to generate the control signal according to the transfer function and the first difference. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A feedback control system, comprising: a plant, configured to produce an output according to a control signal; a first summing block, configured to produce a first difference between an input signal and a measured output signal; a first controller, configured to generate the control signal, such that the first difference decreases to be less than a first threshold or is less than the first threshold; a second controller, coupled to a memory; and a second summing block, coupled to the second controller and configured to produce a second difference; wherein the first controller comprises the memory configured to store a table, and the table contains information of a plurality of transfer functions corresponding to a plurality of operating conditions; wherein the first controller determines an operating condition under which the plant operates, and chooses to utilize a transfer function corresponding to the operating condition to generate the control signal according to the transfer function and the first differences; wherein the second controller is configured to update the information contained in the table according to the second difference, such that the second difference decreases to be less than a second threshold or is less than the second threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, wherein the first controller determines the operating condition according to the input signal or the measured output signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, wherein the table comprises a 2-dimensional array with a plurality of rows; wherein the plurality of rows represents a plurality of discretized transfer functions corresponding to the plurality of operating conditions. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, wherein the first controller determines a row index of the table according to the input signal or the measured output signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, wherein the first controller determines a column index of the table according to the first difference. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, wherein the second summing block receives an intended quantity corresponding to a first operating condition when the first controller determines the plant operates under the first operating condition; wherein the second summing block produces the second difference between the intended quantity and an actual quantity corresponding to the first operating condition; wherein the second controller updates a first information corresponding to the first operating condition according to the second difference, such that the second difference corresponding to the first operating condition decreases to be less than the second threshold or is less than the second threshold. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The feedback control system of claim 6, wherein the first controller produces a first control signal corresponding to the first operating condition to the plant, and the plant operates and produces a first output according to the first control signal; wherein the second summing block obtains the actual quantity corresponding to the first operating condition according to the first output. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The feedback control system of claim 7, wherein the feedback control system comprises a sensor; wherein the sensor produces a first measured output signal according to the first output; wherein the feedback control system comprises a sub-circuit, coupled to the sensor and configured to produce the actual quantity corresponding to the first operating condition according to the first measured output signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, where the feedback control system is configured to drive an actuator. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The feedback control system of claim 1, where the plant comprises a switching circuit configured to perform a DC-DC (direct-current to direct-current) operation on a load; wherein the DC-DC operation is a charging operation or a discharging operation. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The feedback control system of claim 10, wherein the plant further comprises a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator, configured to generate a PWM signal to control the switching circuit. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The feedback control system of claim 11, wherein the first controller produces a pulse width control code (PWCC) as the control signal to the PWM signal generator, such that the PWM signal generated by the PWM generator has a pulse width corresponding to the PWCC. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The feedback control system of claim 11, wherein the table comprise a 2-dimensional (2D) array, and an entry of the 2D array is a pulse width control code. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The feedback control system of claim 11, wherein the feedback control system comprises an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) configured to produce a feedback signal as the measured output signal; wherein the first controller determines a row index for an operating cycle according to the input signal or the feedback signal generated by the ADC. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The feedback control system of claim 14, wherein the first summing block is coupled to the ADC and configured to produce the first difference between the input signal and the feedback signal generated by the ADC; wherein the first controller determines a column index for the operating cycle according to the first difference between the input signal and the feedback signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The feedback control system of claim 11, further comprising: a second controller coupled to the memory; and a second summing block, coupled to the ADC and configured to produces the second difference; wherein the second controller updates a pulse width control code (PWCC) stored in the table according to the second difference, such that the second difference decreases to be less than a second threshold or is less than the second threshold. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The feedback control system of claim 16, wherein the second summing block receives an intended voltage difference on the load corresponding to an operating cycle when the first controller fetches an original PWCC from a table address of the table for the operating cycle; wherein the second summing block produces the second difference between the intended voltage difference and an actual voltage difference corresponding to the table address; wherein the second controller produce an updated PWCC according to the second difference, such that the second difference corresponding to the table address decreases to be less than the second threshold or is less than the second threshold; wherein the updated PWCC is saved to the table address of the table. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The feedback control system of claim 17, wherein the PWM signal generator generates the PWM signal according to the original PWCC; wherein the switching circuit performs the DC-DC operation according to the PWM signal during the operating cycle; where the plant produces a first output after the switching circuit performs the DC-DC operation in the operating cycle; wherein the second summing block obtains the actual voltage difference corresponding to the table address according to the first output. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The feedback control system of claim 18, wherein the ADC produces a first feedback signal according to the first output; wherein the feedback control system comprises a sub-circuit, coupled to the ADC and configured to produce the actual voltage difference corresponding to the table address according to the first feedback signal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The feedback control system of claim 17, wherein the table address comprises a row index and a column index; wherein the intended voltage difference is related to the column index. ### Claim 21 A method applied in a feedback control system comprising a plant configured to produce an output according to a control signal, the method comprising: determining an operating condition under which the plant operates; choosing to utilize a transfer function corresponding to the operating condition among a plurality of transfer functions; and generating the control signal according to the transfer function; wherein the feedback control system comprises a memory configured to store a table, and the table contains information of the plurality of transfer functions corresponding to a plurality of operating conditions; wherein the method further comprises: producing a first difference between an intended quantity and an actual quantity corresponding to a first operating condition; and updating the information contained in the table according to the first difference. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein the table comprise a 2-dimensional (2D) array with a plurality of rows; wherein the plurality of rows represents a plurality of discretized transfer functions corresponding to the plurality of operating conditions; wherein the method comprises: determining a row index of the table according to an input signal or a measured output signal; and determining a column index of the table according to a second difference between the input signal and the measured output signal. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein the table comprise a 2-dimensional (2D) array with a plurality of rows; wherein the plurality of rows represents a plurality of discretized transfer functions corresponding to the plurality of operating conditions; wherein the method comprises: updating an entry contained in the table according to the first difference.