# US 11,906,785 B2 · Photonic integrated circuit outcoupling array for imaging-based beam steering

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- Number: US 11,906,785 B2
- Document ID: US11906785B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/918,792
- Filed: 2020-07-01
- Published: 2021-01-07
- Granted: 2024-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2019-07-01
- Assignees: University of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc.
- Applicants: University of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc.
- Inventors: Christopher Renshaw; Sajad Saghaye Polkoo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906785B2

## CPC

- G02B 6/3596: {With planar waveguide arrangement, i.e. in a substrate, regardless if actuating mechanism is outside the substrate}
- G01S 7/4817: {relating to scanning}
- G01S 17/89: for mapping or imaging
- G02B 6/2938: {for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM}
- G02B 6/3508: {Lateral or transverse displacement of the whole waveguides, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by mutual lateral displacement of opposed waveguide ends}
- G02B 6/3546: {NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation}
- G02B 6/3586: {Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating (testing optical equipment G01M11/00)}
- G02F 1/29: for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS

## Abstract

A coupler array device may include an array of couplers arranged in a coupler plane, where each of the couplers couples light between the coupler plane and one or more directions outside of the coupler plane. A coupler array device may further include a pixel switch network to selectively couple light into or out of a selected subset of the plurality of couplers, where the pixel switch network may include one or more pixel-network waveguides and pixel-network switches to couple light between couplers and pixel-network waveguides. The coupler array device may further include one or more feed networks including a feed-line waveguide and one or more feed-network switches to couple light between the feed-line waveguide and at least some of the pixel-network waveguides. Light may be routable between selected couplers and selected feed-line waveguides along selected paths by controlling the pixel-network switches and the feed-network switches along the selected paths.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A coupler array device comprising:
a coupler array in a coupler plane including a plurality of couplers arranged in two or more rows and two or more columns, wherein each of the plurality of couplers is configured to provide free-space coupling of light between the coupler plane and one or more directions outside of the coupler plane;
a pixel switch network to selectively couple light into or out of a selected subset of the plurality of couplers from any of two opposite directions in the coupler plane, wherein the pixel switch network comprises:
two or more pixel-network waveguides disposed along the two or more columns of the coupler array; and
a plurality of pixel-network switches, wherein each of the plurality of pixel-network switches is configured to selectively couple light between one of the plurality of couplers and one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides; and
one or more feed networks, comprising:
two or more feed-line waveguides; and
one or more feed-network switches to selectively couple light between the two or more feed-line waveguides and the plurality of pixel-network waveguides, wherein light is routable between selected couplers of the plurality of couplers and selected feed-line waveguides of the one or more feed networks along selected paths by controlling the pixel-network switches and the feed-network switches along the selected paths, wherein at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides couple to one or more of the pixel-network waveguides from the opposite directions via the one or more feed networks.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixel-network switches or at least one of the feed-network switches comprises:
at least one of a ring resonator switch, a micro-electro-mechanical system switch, or a Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, wherein at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides couple to a particular one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides at different locations to address different sub-sets of the plurality of couplers along the particular one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, further comprising:
a source switch network including one or more source switches configured to selectively route light from one or more input light sources to the one or more feed networks.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The coupler array device of claim 4, wherein light from one of the one or more input light sources is routable along a selected path to a selected coupler of the plurality of couplers by controlling at least one of the one or more source switches, at least one of the plurality of feed-network switches, and a pixel-network switch corresponding to the selected coupler.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, further comprising:
a receiver switch network including one or more receiver switches configured to selectively route light from the one or more feed networks to one or more light detectors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The coupler array device of claim 6, wherein light from one of the one or more feed networks is routable along a selected path from a selected coupler of the plurality of couplers to one of the one or more detectors by controlling at least one of the one or more receiver switches, at least one of the plurality of feed-network switches, and a pixel-network switch corresponding to the selected coupler.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The coupler array device of claim 6, further comprising:
one or more demultiplexer banks configured to separate the light from the selected coupler along two or more spectral channels.

### Claim 9

An imaging-based beam steering system comprising:
one or more input light sources;
a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) coupler array comprising:
a coupler array in a coupler plane including a plurality of couplers arranged in two or more rows and two or more columns, wherein each of the plurality of couplers is configured to provide free-space coupling of light between the coupler plane and one or more directions outside of the coupler plane;
a pixel switch network to selectively couple light into or out of a selected subset of the plurality of couplers from any of two opposite directions in the coupler plane, wherein the pixel switch network comprises:
two or more pixel-network waveguides disposed along the two or more columns of the coupler array; and
a plurality of pixel-network switches, wherein each of the plurality of pixel-network switches is configured to selectively couple light between one of the plurality of couplers and one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides;
one or more feed networks, comprising:
two or more feed-line waveguides; and
one or more feed-network switches to selectively couple light between the two or more feed-line waveguides and the plurality of pixel-network waveguides, wherein light is routable between selected couplers of the plurality of couplers and selected feed-line waveguides of the one or more feed networks along selected paths by controlling the pixel-network switches and the feed-network switches along the selected paths, wherein at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides couple to one or more of the pixel-network waveguides from the opposite directions via the one or more feed networks.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to simultaneously control the pixel-network switches, the feed-network switches, and the source switches along the path for each of the one or more address states to simultaneously emit light from two or more couplers of the PIC coupler array.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to sequentially control the pixel-network switches, the feed-network switches, and the source switches along the path for each of the one or more address states to sequentially emit light from two or more couplers of the PIC coupler array.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, further comprising:
a translation stage communicatively coupled to the controller to translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens within the coupler plane, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens within the coupler plane to tune the selected output angles.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 12, wherein the lens is mounted to the translation stage.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 12, wherein the PIC coupler array is mounted to the translation stage.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, further comprising:
an adjustable mirror positioned between the PIC coupler array and the lens, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively rotate the adjustable mirror to tune the selected output angles.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, further comprising:
an adjustable mirror positioned after the lens, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively rotate the adjustable mirror to tune the selected output angles.

### Claim 17 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, further comprising:
an adjustable phase modifier to provide at least one of an adjustable deviation of the selected output angles or a displacement of the light along the selected output angles, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively control the adjustable phase modifier.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 17, wherein the adjustable phase modifier comprises:
a spatial light modulator.

### Claim 19 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, further comprising:
a translation stage communicatively coupled to the controller to translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens along an optical axis of the lens the coupler plane, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens to adjust a divergence of the light emerging from the lens.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 19, wherein the translation stage is mounted to one of the lens or the PIC coupler array.

### Claim 21 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to select the path for each of the one or more address states to mitigate routing loss.

### Claim 22 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, wherein the controller comprises:
at least one of a field-programmable gate array, a microprocessor, or central processing unit.

### Claim 23 (depends on 9)

The imaging-based beam steering system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixel-network switches or at least one of the feed-network switches comprises:
at least one of a ring resonator switch, a micro-electro-mechanical system switch, or a Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch.

### Claim 24

An imaging-based beam receiving system comprising:
a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) coupler array comprising:
a coupler array in a coupler plane including a plurality of couplers arranged in two or more rows and two or more columns, wherein each of the plurality of couplers is configured to provide free-space coupling of light between the coupler plane and one or more directions outside of the coupler plane;
a pixel switch network to selectively couple light into or out of a selected subset of the plurality of couplers from any of two opposite directions in the coupler plane, wherein the pixel switch network comprises:
two or more pixel-network waveguides disposed along the two or more columns of the coupler array; and
a plurality of pixel-network switches, wherein each of the plurality of pixel-network switches is configured to selectively couple light between one of the plurality of couplers and one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides; and
one or more feed networks, comprising:
two or more feed-line waveguides; and
one or more feed-network switches to selectively couple light between the two or more feed-line waveguides and the plurality of pixel-network waveguides, wherein light is routable between selected couplers of the plurality of couplers and selected feed-line waveguides of the one or more feed networks along selected paths by controlling the pixel-network switches and the feed-network switches along the selected paths, wherein at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides couple to one or more of the pixel-network waveguides from the opposite directions via the one or more feed networks;
a lens positioned with the PIC coupler array at a focal plane, wherein the lens is configured to direct light to the light from the PIC coupler array, wherein the lens maps light from selected input angles incident on the lens to selected locations of the PIC coupler array;
one or more light detectors;
a receiver switch network including one or more receiver switches configured to selectively route light from the one or more feed networks to one or more light detectors; and
a controller coupled to the pixel-switch network and the receiver switch network, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive one or more address states, wherein each of the one or more address states includes a selected light detector from the one or more light detectors and a selected coupler from the plurality of couplers;
select a path for each of the one or more address states; and
control, with one or more drive signals, the pixel-network switches, the feed-network switches, and the receiver switches along the paths for each of the one or more address states to direct light along the paths for each of the one or more address states for detection by the one or more light detectors.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to simultaneously control the pixel-network switches, the feed-network switches, and the source switches along the path for each of the one or more address states to simultaneously collect light from two or more couplers of the PIC coupler array.

### Claim 26 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to sequentially control the pixel-network switches, the feed-network switches, and the source switches along the path for each of the one or more address states to sequentially collect light from two or more couplers of the PIC coupler array.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, further comprising:
a translation stage communicatively coupled to the controller to translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens within the coupler plane, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens within the coupler plane to tune the selected input angles.

### Claim 28 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, further comprising:
an adjustable mirror positioned between the PIC coupler array and the lens, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively rotate the adjustable mirror to tune the selected input angles.

### Claim 29 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, further comprising:
an adjustable mirror positioned after the lens, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively rotate the adjustable mirror to tune the selected input angles.

### Claim 30 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, further comprising:
an adjustable phase modifier to provide an adjustable deviation of at least one of the selected input angles or an optical path of the light along the selected input angles, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively control the adjustable phase modifier.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 30, wherein the adjustable phase modifier comprises:
a spatial light modulator.

### Claim 32 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, further comprising:
a translation stage communicatively coupled to the controller to translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens along an optical axis of the lens the coupler plane, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively translate the PIC coupler array with respect to the lens to adjust a divergence of the light emerging from the lens.

### Claim 33 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, wherein the controller is further configured to select the path for each of the one or more address states to mitigate routing loss.

### Claim 34 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, wherein the controller comprises:
at least one of a field-programmable gate array, a microprocessor, or central processing unit.

### Claim 35 (depends on 24)

The imaging-based beam receiving system of claim 24, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixel-network switches or at least one of the feed-network switches comprises:
at least one of a ring resonator switch, a micro-electro-mechanical system switch, or a Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch.

### Claim 36 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, wherein the at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides provide simultaneous light routing to or from multiple couplers in a common one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides along the opposite directions.

### Claim 37 (depends on 3)

The coupler array device of claim 3, wherein the at least two of the two or more feed-line waveguides coupled to the particular one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides limit routing losses associated with the plurality of couplers along the particular one of the two or more pixel-network waveguides.

### Claim 38 (depends on 1)

The coupler array device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of couplers comprises:
a pair of directional couplers including a first directional coupler and a second directional coupler, wherein the pair of directional couplers is coupled to one of the two or more pixel network waveguides, wherein the first directional coupler couples light from a first direction and the second directional coupler couples light from a second direction opposite the first direction.