# US 11,906,589 B2 · Systems, methods, and devices for determining whether a state-of-charge estimate of an energy storage system is tracking > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,906,589 B2 - Document ID: US11906589B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/812,843 - Filed: 2022-07-15 - Published: 2022-11-10 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2020-03-24 - Assignees: Nuvation Research Corporation - Applicants: Nuvation Research Corporation - Inventors: Michael Worry; Stefan Janhunen; Manoj Mathew - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906589B2 ## CPC - G01R 31/382: Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC - G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements - G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables - G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery - G06N 7/01: Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks - H02J 7/54: Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs - H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC] - H02J 7/94: in response to battery current - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract Systems, methods, and devices are provided for estimating a state-of-charge in an energy storage system. The systems, methods, and devices may measure a current and a voltage related to the energy storage system, generate a model-based state-of-charge estimate based thereon, generate an aggregated state-of-charge estimate based on the model-based state-of-charge estimate, generate an adaptation current based on the measured current, aggregated state-of-charge estimate, and the adaptive state-of-charge estimate, and update the adaptive state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current and the adaptation current. The systems, methods, and devices may also provide a tracking indication whether the adaptive state-of-charge estimate is tracking between upper and lower confidence limits. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of determining whether a state-of-charge estimate of an energy storage system is tracking, the method comprising: measuring, by a current measurement module comprising a current sensor, a current related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured current; measuring, by a voltage measurement module comprising a voltage sensor, a voltage related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured voltage; determining, by an estimator module, a model-based state-of-charge estimate for the energy storage system based on the measured current and the measured voltage; determining, by the estimator module, a model-based standard error based on the measured current and the measured voltage; determining, by a tracking module, an upper confidence limit and a lower confidence limit based on the model-based state-of-charge estimate and the model-based standard error; and providing, by the tracking module, a tracking signal that indicates whether an output state-of-charge estimate is tracking between the upper confidence limit and the lower confidence limit; wherein the estimator module and the tracking module are implemented on one or more processors. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the output state-of-charge estimate is a coulomb counting state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an aggregated state-of-charge estimate based upon the model-based state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the aggregated state-of-charge estimate is an aggregation of the model-based state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the output state-of-charge estimate is an adaptive state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, further comprising determining an adaptation current for the energy storage system based on the measured current, the aggregated state-of-charge estimate and the adaptive state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising determining the adaptive state-of-charge estimate based on the adaptation current and the measured current. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising determining the adaptive state-of-charge estimate based on an integration of an additive combination of the measured current and the adaptation current. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising determining the adaptation current to account for state-of-charge drift due to a current measurement error and self-discharge of the energy storage system. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising determining the adaptation current based upon a calculated error that is based on a difference between the adaptive state-of-charge estimate and the aggregated state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein determining the model-based state-of-charge estimate comprises generating a probability distribution with the associated model-based standard error. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling charging/discharging of the energy storage system based on whether the output state-of-charge estimate is tracking. ### Claim 13 A device for determining whether a state-of-charge of an energy storage system is tracking, comprising: a current measurement circuit to measure a current related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured current; a voltage measurement circuit to measure a voltage related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured voltage; a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with one or more processors, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by one or more of the processors, cause the processor to perform operations; an estimator module including at least one of the one or more processors, the estimator module configured to generate, by the one or more processors, a model-based state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current and the measured voltage, and configured to generate a model-based standard error based on the measured current and the measured voltage; a tracking module including at least one of the one or more processors, the tracking module configured to: (1) generate, by the one or more processors, an upper confidence limit and a lower confidence limit; and (2) provide a tracking signal that indicates whether an output state-of-charge estimate is tracking between the upper confidence limit and the lower confidence limit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, further comprising an accumulation module to update the output state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current, wherein the output state-of-charge estimate is a coulomb counting based state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, further comprising: an aggregation module to generate an aggregated state-of-charge estimate based on the model-based state-of-charge estimate; an adaptation module to generate an adaptation current based on the measured current, the aggregated state-of-charge estimate, and the output state-of-charge estimate; and an accumulation module to update the output state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current and the adaptation current, wherein the output state-of-charge estimate is an adaptive state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the aggregated state-of-charge estimate is an aggregation of the model-based state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the adaptive state-of-charge estimate is further based on an integration of an additive combination of the measured current and the adaptation current. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the estimator module is configured to generate the model-based state-of-charge estimate based on a probability distribution, and the estimator module is further configured to generate the model-based standard error associated with the probability distribution. ### Claim 19 A system for determining whether a state-of-charge of an energy storage system is tracking comprising: an energy storage system; and a device for generating an output state-of-charge estimate for the energy storage system, the device comprising: a current measurement circuit configured to measure a current related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured current; a voltage measurement circuit configured to measure a voltage related to the energy storage system to ascertain a measured voltage; a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with one or more processors, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by one or more of the processors, cause the processor to perform operations; an estimator module including at least one of the one or more processors, the estimator module configured to generate, by the one or more processors, a model-based state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current and the measured voltage, and configured to generate, by the one or more processors, a model-based standard error based on the measured current and the measured voltage; and a tracking module including at least one of the one or more processors, the tracking module configured to generate, by the one or more processors, an upper confidence limit and a lower confidence limit, and to provide a tracking signal that indicates whether the output state-of-charge estimate is tracking between the upper confidence limit and the lower confidence limit. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19, further comprising: an aggregation module to generate an aggregated state-of-charge estimate based on the model-based state-of-charge estimate; an adaptation module to generate an adaptation current based on the measured current, the aggregated state-of-charge estimate, and the output state-of-charge estimate; and an accumulation module to update the output state-of-charge estimate based on the measured current and the adaptation current, wherein the output state-of-charge estimate is an adaptive state-of-charge estimate. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The system of claim 20, wherein the aggregated state-of-charge estimate is an aggregation of a plurality of the model-based state-of-charge estimate.