# US 11,906,502 B2 · Products and processes for analyzing octane content > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,906,502 B2 - Document ID: US11906502B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/181,631 - Filed: 2023-03-10 - Published: 2023-07-06 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2006-09-18 - Assignees: Cfph, LLC - Applicants: Cfph, LLC - Inventors: Howard W. Lutnick; Antonio Papageorgiou - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906502B2 ## CPC - G01N 33/2829: {Mixtures of fuels} - F02P 5/145: using electrical means - G01N 33/22: Fuels; Explosives - G06Q 99/00: Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - F02P: IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES ({anti-pollution means for internal-combustion engines F02B17/00}; specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B53/12; {ignition of gas turbine plants F02C7/26; ignition of jet propulsion plants F02K9/95; starting of combustion engines F02N9/00}; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; measuring of physical variables in general G01; controlling in general G05; data processing in general G06; electrical components in general see Section H; {ignition coils H01F38/12}; sparking plugs H01T13/00) - G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract Products and processes are provided herewith for analyzing octane content in a fuel sample that include the step or steps of receiving an octane measurement of a fuel sample from an octane analyzer, rounding the octane measurement to a nearest recognized octane rating, comparing the rounded octane measurement with a listed octane rating for the fuel sample, and communicating results of the comparison to a user of the octane analyzer. The octane analyzer may be incorporated into a fuel pump or a vehicle. The results of the comparison may also be used to adjust the vehicle operating parameters to account for the actual octane rating of the fuel dispensed into the vehicle. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for adjusting operation of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine having an electronic control unit (ECU) based on an octane measurement of fuel being delivered to the engine, the method comprising: providing an analyzer of octane ratings of the fuel in electronic communication with the ECU, the analyzer having a processor, a memory and a receptacle for sampling the fuel; periodically pumping a sample of the fuel from a source to the receptacle; determining, by the analyzer, an octane rating of the sample by (1) forming a representation of a spectra of the sample, and (2) matching the spectra of the sample with a plurality of spectra having pre-assigned industry-accepted octane ratings, and (3) assigning to the sample a nearest recognized octane rating of the matching of the plurality of spectra; communicating, by the analyzer to the ECU, the octane rating assigned of the sample; and adjusting, by the ECU, performance of the engine in accordance with the communicated octane rating, wherein the ECU (1) retards engine ignition timing when the communicated octane rating is lower than required for the engine, (2) advance engine ignition timing when the communicated octane rating is higher than required for the engine, and (3) do nothing when communicated octane rating are not determined. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising a fuel pump connected to the engine and wherein the analyzer is incorporated into the fuel pump. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the spectra of the sample is the spectra of an infra-red (IR) light after it is absorbed and scattered through the sample. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzer includes a display and further comprising: providing to the analyzer an octane rating posted by a seller of the fuel; and displaying on the display whether the determined octane rating is one of “failing”, “meeting”, and “exceeding” the octane rating posted. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the displaying is selected from any of numeric, alphanumeric, a bar graph, a line chart, and bubbles. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising penalizing the seller when the octane rating posted by the seller of the fuel is determined as “failing”. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is about eight ounces and the octane rating is provided as [(R+M)/2], where R is Research Octane Number (RON) and M is Motor Octane Number (MON). ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the source is a fuel tank in fluid communication with the engine, and wherein the fuel is pumped into the fuel tank from a fuel pump, and wherein the analyzer is integrated into one of (a) the fuel tank, (b) a body of the fuel pump, and (c) a nozzle of the fuel pump, wherein a portion of the analyzer that receives the fuel includes a collar that is placed over the nozzle, wherein the collar includes at least one emitter and at least one receiver. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one emitter and the at least one receiver are disposed on at least one of (a) circumferentially on the collar opposite (b) remote from the nozzle and (c) on any conduit through which the fluid is being dispensed. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one emitter and the at least one receiver are selected from one of actual emitter/receiver and near IR fiber optic extensions of the actual emitter/receiver. ### Claim 11 A system for adjusting operation of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine having an electronic control unit (ECU) based on an octane measurement of fuel being delivered to the engine, the system comprising: an analyzer of octane ratings of the fuel in electronic communication with the ECU, the analyzer having a processor, a memory and a receptacle for sampling the fuel; the ECU is configured to periodically pump a sample of the fuel from a source to the receptacle; the analyzer is configured to: determine an octane rating of the sample by (1) forming a representation of a spectra of the sample, and (2) matching the spectra of the sample with a plurality of spectra having pre-assigned industry-accepted octane ratings, and (3) assigning to the sample a nearest recognized octane rating of the matching of the plurality of spectra; communicate to the ECU the octane rating assigned of the sample; and the ECU is configured to: adjust performance of the engine in accordance with the communicated octane rating, wherein the ECU (1) retards engine ignition timing when the communicated octane rating is lower than required for the engine, (2) advance engine ignition timing when the communicated octane rating is higher than required for the engine, and (3) do nothing when communicated octane rating are not determined. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, further comprising a fuel pump connected to the engine and wherein the analyzer is incorporated into the fuel pump. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the spectra of the sample is the spectra of an infra-red (IR) light after it is absorbed and scattered through the sample. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the analyzer includes a display and further configured to: receive an octane rating posted by a seller of the fuel; and display on the display whether the determined octane rating is one of “failing”, “meeting”, and “exceeding” the octane rating posted. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, wherein the display is selected from any of numeric, alphanumeric, a bar graph, a line chart, and bubbles. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, further the seller is penalizing when the octane rating posted by the seller of the fuel is determined as “failing”. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the sample is about eight ounces and the octane rating is provided as [(R+M)/2], where R is Research Octane Number (RON) and M is Motor Octane Number (MON). ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the source is a fuel tank in fluid communication with the engine, and wherein the fuel is pumped into the fuel tank from a fuel pump, and wherein the analyzer is integrated into one of (a) the fuel tank, (b) a body of the fuel pump, and (c) a nozzle of the fuel pump, wherein a portion of the analyzer that receives the fuel includes a collar that is placed over the nozzle, wherein the collar includes at least one emitter and at least one receiver. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one emitter and the at least one receiver are disposed on at least one of (a) circumferentially on the collar opposite (b) remote from the nozzle and (c) on any conduit through which the fluid is being dispensed. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one emitter and the at least one receiver are selected from one of actual emitter/receiver and near IR fiber optic extensions of the actual emitter/receiver.