# US 11,906,227 B2 · Using carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system as a low global warming car and industrial refrigerant

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- Number: US 11,906,227 B2
- Document ID: US11906227B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/121,464
- Filed: 2023-03-14
- Published: 2023-07-06
- Granted: 2024-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2022-01-02
- Assignees: AirMyne, Inc.
- Applicants: AirMyne, Inc.
- Inventors: Flynn Corrigan Michael Legg; Bart Ludo Scherpbier; Ngoc The Pham; Le-Xuan Diec; Mark Patrick Cyffka; Sudip Mukhopadhyay
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906227B2

## CPC

- F25B 9/006: {the refrigerant containing more than one component (F25B9/004 takes precedence)}
- B01D 53/1475: {Removing carbon dioxide}
- B01D 53/1493: {Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents}
- B01D 53/62: Carbon oxides
- B01D 53/78: with gas-liquid contact
- F25B 1/10: with multi-stage compression (with cascade operation F25B7/00)
- F25B 5/02: arranged in parallel
- F25B 9/008: {the refrigerant being carbon dioxide}
- F25B 9/08: using ejectors (F25B9/10 takes precedence)
- F25B 13/00: Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle (defrosting cycles F25B47/02)
- F25B 45/00: Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
- B01D 2251/30: Alkali metal compounds
- B01D 2251/606: Carbonates
- B01D 2252/103: Water
- B01D 2252/2023: Glycols, diols or their derivatives
- B01D 2252/20494: Amino acids, their salts or derivatives
- B01D 2257/504: Carbon dioxide
- F25B 30/02: of the compression type
- F25B 2309/061: with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
- F25B 2400/06: Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
- F25B 2500/09: Improving heat transfers
- Y02C 20/40: of CO2
- F25B: REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- Y02C: CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]

## Abstract

An apparatus includes a captured carbon dioxide input. The captured carbon dioxide input is coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system. The apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling functionality in automotive, commercial, and industrial applications, or other operations involving low global warming refrigerants. In various embodiments, the apparatus is a refrigeration apparatus or a heat pump apparatus. Low global warming carbon dioxide refrigerant is natural, non-toxic, non-flammable, and abundant when obtained from a direct air capture system. Moreover, carbon dioxide refrigerant has a high heat transfer coefficient and has a global warming potential (GWP) of one. Carbon dioxide refrigerant is a more sustainable and efficient coolant option than common refrigerants, such as R22, R152, R404a, and R1234yf refrigerants.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the direct air capture system captures carbon dioxide from gas/liquid contact, and wherein the apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling and heating.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a mobile and industrial refrigeration apparatus.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
sensors and readout devices to monitor operation and safety of the apparatus.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a purity level of the captured carbon dioxide is between 91% and 100%.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a base mixture for the direct air capture system comprises a mixture of quaternary ammonium hydroxide, either free or sodium, potassium, ammonium, quaternary ammonium salts of amino acids, and potassium, sodium, vanadium, titanium, lithium, or quaternary ammonium carbonate, and is used as an active base medium comprising a mixture of water-glycerol or water-polyols to capture carbon dioxide from air with purity between 71% and 100%.

### Claim 6

An apparatus comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling and heating, and wherein the apparatus is a heat pump apparatus.

### Claim 7

An apparatus comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling and heating, and wherein carbon dioxide is compressed in multiple stages to serve varied temperature requirements throughout mobile and commercial low global warming refrigeration applications, and wherein a purity level of the captured carbon dioxide is between 97% and 100%.

### Claim 8

An apparatus comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling and heating, and wherein additional multi-ejector system designs are employed to control coolant flow, optimize efficiency, and relieve compressor load, thus allowing for operation in extreme weather conditions.

### Claim 9

An apparatus comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the apparatus uses the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide cooling and heating, and wherein the direct air capture system compresses the captured carbon dioxide to supercritical or subcritical stages usable by the apparatus as a low global warming refrigerant.

### Claim 10

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the direct air capture system captures carbon dioxide via gas/liquid contact, and wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising:
monitoring operation and safety of the apparatus via sensors or readout devices.

### Claim 12

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling, wherein the apparatus is a refrigeration apparatus, and wherein the captured carbon dioxide obtained from the direct air capture system is compressed as supercritical or liquid carbon dioxide and injected into the refrigeration apparatus as low global warming refrigerant.

### Claim 13

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling, wherein the apparatus is a heat pump apparatus, and wherein the captured carbon dioxide obtained from the direct air capture system is injected as the low global warming fluid into the heat pump apparatus, and wherein a purity level of the captured carbon dioxide is between 91% and 100%.

### Claim 14

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling, and wherein carbon dioxide is compressed in multiple stages to serve varied temperature requirements throughout mobile and commercial low global warming refrigeration applications.

### Claim 15

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling, and wherein additional multi-ejector system designs are employed to control coolant flow, optimize efficiency, and relieve compressor load, thus allowing operation in extreme weather conditions.

### Claim 16

A method comprising:
injecting captured and compressed carbon dioxide obtained from a direct air capture system into an apparatus, wherein the apparatus uses captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling, and wherein the direct air capture system compresses the captured carbon dioxide to supercritical or subcritical stages usable by the apparatus as a low global warming refrigerant.

### Claim 17

A system comprising:
a captured carbon dioxide input coupled to receive captured carbon dioxide from a direct air capture system, wherein the direct air capture system captures carbon dioxide through gas/liquid contact; and
means for using the captured carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant to provide heating or cooling.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the means is a refrigeration apparatus.

### Claim 19

A system comprising:
a direct air capture system;
a multistage compression system that transforms carbon dioxide gas into sub and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid; and
a mobile or stationary refrigerant system using direct air capture carbon dioxide as a low global warming refrigerant.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The system of claim 19, wherein resultant low global warming fluid carbon dioxide with 91 to 100 percent purity is tied to applications in PC/MAC, cold chain/food retail/blast freezers, heat pumps, data centers and also to implementation in transcritical boosters, part of a cascade system, or as a secondary coolant.