# US 11,906,157 B2 · Photocatalyst formulations and coatings > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,906,157 B2 - Document ID: US11906157B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/393,058 - Filed: 2021-08-03 - Published: 2022-02-10 - Granted: 2024-02-20 - Earliest claimed: 2020-08-07 - Assignees: Pure-Light Te chnologies, Inc. - Applicants: Pure-Light Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Roger K. Young - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11906157B2 ## CPC - F21V 9/32: characterised by the arrangement of the photoluminescent material - F21V 33/0064: {Health, life-saving or fire-fighting equipment} - B01J 21/063: {Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof} - B01J 23/002: {Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite} - B01J 27/25: Nitrates - B01J 35/39: Photocatalytic properties - B01J 37/0215: {Coating} - B01J 37/0236: {Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying} - B01J 37/0244: {Coatings comprising several layers} - B01J 37/08: Heat treatment {(B01J37/0009, B01J37/0018 take precedence)} - F21V: FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS ## Abstract An apparatus includes a substrate having a surface, and a transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer secured to the surface of the substrate, wherein the photocatalyst layer includes titanium oxide and a component selected from a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, silver nitrate, and combinations thereof. The photocatalyst coating may be formed on a substrate using a formulation that includes an aqueous mixture of titanium oxide and amorphous titanium peroxide, wherein the aqueous mixture may further include one of the components. A method of forming the photocatalyst coating may include applying an aqueous mixture of titanium oxide and amorphous titanium peroxide to a surface of the substrate, wherein the photocatalyst coating includes a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and/or silver nitrate. The aqueous mixture may then be dried and heated to 100 degrees Celsius or greater. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: a substrate having a surface; and a transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer secured to the surface of the substrate, wherein the transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer includes titanium oxide and a component selected from a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and/or silver nitrate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the component is a fluorescent dye. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the component is ultra-fine glitter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the component is indium tin oxide. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the component is aluminum zinc oxide. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the component is silver nitrate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a transparent material selected from glass, fused quartz and plastic. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising: a light-emitting element disposed adjacent to the substrate to direct light through the transparent substrate material to the transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the light-emitting element is selected from a light-emitting diode and an incandescent filament. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a binder layer secured between the surface of the substrate and the transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the binder layer is transparent and the substrate is transparent. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: a light-emitting element disposed adjacent to the substrate to direct light through the transparent substrate and through the transparent binder layer to the transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer, wherein the light-emitting element is selected from a light-emitting diode and an incandescent filament. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the binder layer includes titanium oxide. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the binder layer includes an inorganic binder selected from water glass, colloidal silica, and cement. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the binder layer includes an organic binder selected from fluoropolymers and silicone polymers. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transparent semiconductor photocatalyst layer further includes a photocatalyst selected from ZnO, SrTiO3, CdS, CdO, CaP, InP, In2O3, CaAs, BaTiO3, K2NbO3, Fe2O3, Ta2O5, WO3, SaO2, Bi2O3, NiO, Cu2O, SiC, SiO2, MoS2, MoS3, InPb, RuO2, and/or CeO2. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the titanium oxide is in the form of TiO2. ### Claim 18 A formulation for forming a photocatalyst coating on a substrate, comprising: an aqueous mixture of titanium oxide and amorphous titanium peroxide, wherein the aqueous mixture further includes a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and/or silver nitrate. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The formulation of claim 18, wherein the aqueous mixture has a pH in a range from about 7.5 to about 9.5 and the titanium oxide has a particle size in a range from about 8 to about 20 nanometers. ### Claim 20 A method of forming a photocatalyst coating on a substrate, comprising: applying an aqueous mixture of titanium oxide and amorphous titanium peroxide to a surface of the substrate wherein the photocatalyst coating includes a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and/or silver nitrate; drying the aqueous mixture; and heating the aqueous mixture to 100 degrees Celsius or greater.