# US 11,905,928 B2 · Method of and system for monitoring and diagnosing a grounding system

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- Number: US 11,905,928 B2
- Document ID: US11905928B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/060,720
- Filed: 2022-12-01
- Published: 2023-04-06
- Granted: 2024-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2020-05-28
- Assignees: Ventus Engineering GmbH
- Applicants: Ventus Engineering GmbH
- Inventors: Poul Anker Skaarup Lübker; Shavkat Mingaliev; Hassan Iqbal; Daniel Peto; Unnikrishnan Raveendran Nair
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11905928B2

## CPC

- F03D 17/00: Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics (testing during commissioning of wind motors F03D13/30)
- F03D 7/0224: {Adjusting blade pitch}
- F03D 80/30: Lightning protection
- G01R 31/52: Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
- G01W 1/10: Devices for predicting weather conditions (computers per se G06; display devices G09)
- G01W 1/16: Measuring atmospheric potential differences, e.g. due to electrical charges in clouds (measuring potentiels in general G01R)
- G08B 21/18: Status alarms (G08B21/02 takes precedence)
- G01R 29/12: Measuring electrostatic fields {or voltage-potential}
- G01R 31/343: {in operation}
- G01R 31/54: Testing for continuity
- Y02B 10/30: Wind power
- Y02E 10/72: Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
- F03D: WIND MOTORS
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- G01W: METEOROLOGY (radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems, designed for meteorological use G01S13/95, G01S15/88, G01S17/95)
- G08B: SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Examples include a structure adapted for monitoring electric charge characteristics of the structure, where the wind turbine generator includes an electric charge monitoring system including one or more electrostatic sensors adapted for measuring polarity, the one or more electrostatic sensors being configured for measuring an electrostatic potential of one or more parts or at locations of the structure, where sensory data from the electrostatic sensors are time-stamped and time-synchronised, and the electric charge monitoring system is configured for monitoring charge characteristics at the one or more parts or locations of the structure.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A structure adapted for monitoring electric charge characteristics of the structure, wherein the wind turbine generator comprises
an electric charge monitoring system comprising one or more electrostatic sensors adapted for measuring polarity, the one or more electrostatic sensors being configured for measuring an electrostatic potential of one or more parts or at locations of the structure, wherein sensory data from the electrostatic sensors are time-stamped and time-synchronised, and the electric charge monitoring system is configured for monitoring charge characteristics at the one or more parts or locations of the structure.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the electric charge monitoring system is further configured for predicting rain as a function of the sensory data and optionally sending an alert as a function of predicted rain.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the one or more electrostatic sensors are chosen amongst
a surface potential sensor; and/or
a non-contact vibration capacitance electrostatic sensor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is chosen amongst;
a wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising one or more wind turbine blades; or
a pylon; or
a high-rise building; or
a bridge; or
a dam.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising one or more wind turbine blades, wherein at least two of the wind turbine blades comprises one or more of the electrostatic sensors and the electric charge monitoring system is configured for comparing charge characteristics of the two or more wind turbine blades.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising one or more wind turbine blades, wherein at least one of the wind turbine blades comprises one or more of the electrostatic sensors and the electric charge monitoring system is configured to estimate leading edge erosion on the one or more wind turbine blades as a function of charge characteristics and comparing sensory data of the at least one electrostatic sensor with historical sensory data.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising one or more wind turbine blades, wherein at least one of the wind turbine blades comprises one or more of the electrostatic sensors and the electric charge monitoring system is configured to predicting rain or hail or heavy rain or sandstorms or snow as a function of the charge characteristics of the wind turbine generator.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising one or more wind turbine blades, wherein at least one of the wind turbine blades comprises one or more of the electrostatic sensors and the electric charge monitoring system is configured to detect icing on the one or more wind turbine blades as a function of charge characteristics by comparing sensory data of the at least one electrostatic sensor with historical sensory data.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine generator further comprises a temperature sensor, and/or humidity sensor, and/or an air pressure sensor, and/or a wind speed sensor, and the monitoring of charge characteristics is performed as a function of the temperature, and/or the humidity, and/or pressure, and/or wind speed.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine generator comprises a grounding system comprising a charge collecting structure conductively connected to the ground via a grounding path, wherein the electric charge monitoring system is further configured for diagnosing the grounding system as a function of the electrostatic potential of the one or more parts or location of the structure.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the electric charge monitoring system is further configured for monitoring risk of a lightning strike.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The structure according to claim 11, wherein the electric charge monitoring system is further configured to characterise lightning strikes as a function of the electrostatic potential of the one or more parts of the structure or at the locations of the structure before, during and after a lightning strike.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the one or more electrostatic sensors include electrostatic sensors positioned external to the structure for measuring electrostatic potential of the structure.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a wind turbine generator comprising one or more wind turbine blades, and wherein the electric charge monitoring system is enabled to control the blade pitch angle of the one or more wind turbine blades, and
the electric charge monitoring system is adapted to optimize the aero dynamic efficiency by changing blade pitch angle.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The structure according to claim 1, wherein the electric charge monitoring system comprises a communication module for communication with an external server.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

A fleet monitoring server comprising
a server communication module being in communication with a plurality of structures according to claim 1,
a storage for storing sensory data from the sensors of the plurality of structure; and
a computation unit configured for comparing sensory data from the plurality of structure and identifying one or more outliers of the structure as a function of the sensory data.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The fleet monitoring server according to claim 16, wherein the storage is further configured for storing humidity, temperature, wake, wind speed, and/or pressure.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The fleet monitoring server according to claim 16, wherein the fleet monitoring server is configured for sending alarms as a function of outliers.

### Claim 19

A method of monitoring charge characteristics of a wind turbine generator comprising one or more wind turbine blades with one or more electrostatic sensors having a voltage detection range including positive potential and negative potential, the method comprising steps of
measuring sensory data of the one or more electrostatic sensors;
timestamping and time-synchronising the sensory data;
storing the sensory data;
monitoring charge characteristics of the wind turbine generator; and
sending an alarm as a function of the charge characteristics.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of monitoring according to claim 19, wherein the method includes a step of
detecting a lightning strike and/or electrostatic discharge.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

The method of monitoring according to claim 19, wherein the one or more wind turbine blades comprises one or more of the electrostatic sensors, wherein the method comprises a step of
estimating a surface roughness of the one or more wind turbine blades as a function of the charge generation.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

The method of monitoring according to claim 19, wherein the step of monitoring includes a step of predicting rain and/or hail as a function measured polarity at the one or more electrostatic sensors.