Photodiode comprising fluropolymer compound
AssigneeRaynergy Tek Incorporation
InventorsYi-Ming Chang, Chuang-Yi Liao, Wei-Long Li, Kuen-Wei Tsai, Huei Shuan Tan, Nicolas Blouin, Luca Lucera, Tim Poertner, Graham Morse, Priti Tiwana
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photodiode, like an photovoltaic (OPV) cell or photodetector (OPD), comprising, between the photoactive layer and an electrode, a hole selective layer (HSL) for modifying the work function of the electrode and/or the photoactive layer, wherein the HSL comprises a fluoropolymer and optionally a conductive polymer, and to a composition comprising such a fluoropolymer and a conductive polymer.
Claims27
A photodiode comprising
- a photoactive layer,
- a hole collecting electrode and an electron collecting electrode located on opposite sides of the photoactive layer,
- a first hole selective layer (HSL) which is located between the photoactive layer and the hole collecting electrode, and which comprises a fluoropolymer of formula I
- wherein
- X is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na and K,
- x is 0.01 to 0.99,
- y is 0.99 to 0.01, and x+y=1,
- n is an integer >1.
A composition comprising
- a fluoropolymer of formula I,
- wherein
- X is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na and K,
- x is 0.01 to 0.99,
- y is 0.99 to 0.01, and x+y=1,
- n is an integer >1,
- a conductive polymer, wherein the conductive polymer comprises one or more repeating units selected from the group consisting of the following formulae
- wherein the individual radicals, independently of each other and on each occurrence identically or differently, have the following meanings
- X1, X2 is O, S or Se,
- R1-6 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, CN, and straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are each optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—, —NR0—, —Si R0 R00—, —CF2—, —CR0═CR00—, —CY1═CY2— or —C≡C— in such a manner that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and in which one or more CH2 or CH3 groups are each optionally replaced by a cationic or anionic group, or aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy, wherein each of the aforementioned cyclic groups has 5 to 20 ring atoms, is mono- or polycyclic, optionally contains fused rings, and is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different groups L,
- L is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, —NO2, —CN, —NC, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, R0, O R0, S R0, —C(═O)X0, —C(═O) R0, —C(═O)—OR0, —O—C(═O)—R0, —NH2, —NHR0, —NR0R00, —C(═O)NHR0, —C(═O)NR0R00, —SO3R0, —SO2R0, —OH, —CF3, —SF5, or optionally substituted silyl, or carbyl or hydrocarbyl with 1 to 30 C atoms that is optionally substituted and optionally comprises one or more hetero atoms,
- R0, R00 are H or straight-chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 20 C atoms that is optionally fluorinated,
- X0 is halogen, and
- one or more solvents, wherein the composition does not contain poly(styrenesulfonic acid) or a poly(styrenesulfonate).
A polymer blend which contains a fluoropolymer of formula I,
- wherein
- X is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na and K,
- x is 0.01 to 0.99,
- y is 0.99 to 0.01, and x+y=1,
- n is an integer >1,
- a conductive polymer, wherein the conductive polymer comprises one or more repeating units selected from the group consisting of the following formulae
- wherein the individual radicals, independently of each other and on each occurrence identically or differently, have the following meanings
- X1, X2 is O, S or Se,
- R1-6 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, CN, and straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are each optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—, —NR0—, —Si R0 R00—, —CR0═CR00—, —CY1═CY2— or —C≡C— in such a manner that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and in which one or more CH2 or CH3 groups are each optionally replaced by a cationic or anionic group, or aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy, wherein each of the aforementioned cyclic groups has 5 to 20 ring atoms, is mono- or polycyclic, optionally contains fused rings, and is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different groups L,
- L is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, —NO2, —CN, —NC, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, R0, O R0, S R0, —C(═O)X0, —C(═O) R0, —C(═O)—OR0, —O—C(═O)—R0, —NH2, —NHR0, —NR0R00, —C(═O)NHR0, —C(═O)NR0R00, —SO3R0, —So2R0, —OH, —CF3, —SF5, or optionally substituted silyl, or carbyl or hydrocarbyl with 1 to 30 C atoms that is optionally substituted and optionally comprises one or more hetero atoms,
- R0, R00 are H or straight-chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 20 C atoms that is optionally fluorinated,
- X0 is halogen, and which does not contain poly(styrenesulfonic acid) or a poly(styrenesulfonate).
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.