Hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor (H-LIBC) energy storage devices

A method of making a hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor H-LIBC, comprising the steps of:

• preparing a hybrid composite cathode by the steps of:
• providing a lithium ion battery (LIB) active material comprising a lithium metal oxide, a lithium ion capacitor (LIC) active material comprising at least one selected from the group of activated carbon and carbon black, and a binder as dry powders;
• mixing the LIC active material, the LIB active material, and the binder to create a homogenous cathode dry powder mixture;
• pressing the cathode dry powder to produce a free-standing cathode film;
• laminating the cathode film onto a current collector;
• preparing an anode by the steps of:
• providing an anode active material having a surface, and a thin Li film source;
• pre-positioning and pressing the Li film source on the surface of the anode active material, wherein the mass of the Li film source is calculated by the equation:
• m
• L
• ⁢
• i
• =
• x
• ⁢
• m
• A
• ⁢
• c
• A
• ⁢
• 1
• -
• m
• B
• ⁢
• c
• B
• -
• m
• c
• ⁢
• c
• c
• (
• V
• max
• -
• V
• c
• -
• OCV
• )
• 3.6
• c
• L
• ⁢
• i
• where mLi is the Li source mass to be pre-lithiated on the surface of the anode (g), cLi is the specific capacity of lithium and is 3,860 mAh/g, mA is the anode active layer weight (g), mB is the Li-ion battery (LIB) active material weight (g), mC is the Li-ion capacitor (LIC) active material weight (g), cA1 is the first lithium intercalation (1st discharge) specific capacity (mAh/g) of the anode electrode, cB is the specific capacity (mAh/g) of the LIB active material, cC is the specific capacitance (F/g) of the LIC active material layer, Vmax is the maximum operating voltage of H-LIBC, Vc-OCV is the open-circuit voltage of LIC activated material is from 2.5 V to 3.2 V, and x is between 0.5 to 1.0
• providing a separator;
• providing an electrolytic solution comprising a lithium salt electrolyte;
• combining the hybrid composite cathode, the pre-lithiated anode, the separator and the electrolyte to form a H-LIBC energy storage device;
• and wherein the capacity ratio γC:A of the hybrid composite cathode electrode to the anode electrode is from 0.14 to 0.95, and the specific surface area of the LIC active material is greater than 1,000 m2/g.