3D particle imaging in pharmaceutical containers

A system for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of a sample in a vessel having a longitudinal axis orthogonal to a horizontal plane, the system comprising:

• at least three cameras located at different positions around the vessel, wherein each of the least three cameras has a respective optical axis,
• the optical axis of a first camera of the at least three cameras is inclined or declined at a first angle relative to the horizontal plane, the first angle being greater than or equal to zero degrees, and
• the optical axis of a second camera of the at least three cameras is inclined or declined at a second angle relative to the horizontal plane, the second angle being at least five degrees greater than the first angle;
• and
• a computing system comprising one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to
• trigger the at least three cameras to capture at least three respective two-dimensional (2D) images of the sample in the vessel, wherein each of the at least three 2D images comprises pixels having associated pixel values, and
• generate a 3D image of the sample based on (i) the pixel values associated with the pixels of the at least three 2D images, and (ii) one or more look-up tables collectively indicating, for pixels in each of the at least three 2D images, expected paths for light traversing the vessel and the sample.