Low voltage attack detector, secure element and electronic system including the same

A low voltage attack detector comprising:

• a low voltage detector configured to detect whether a first power supply voltage reaches a first voltage level using a bandgap reference (BGR) circuit in a first reliability region in which the first power supply voltage belongs to a first range, and output a low voltage detection flag signal having a high level when the first power supply voltage reaches the first voltage level;
• a BGR operation region detector configured to output a malfunction detection flag signal having a high level in a second reliability region in which the first power supply voltage belongs to a second range;
• and
• a power on reset (POR) circuit configured to output a first POR signal having a low level in a third reliability region in which the first power supply voltage belongs to a third range,
• wherein each voltage level belonging to the first range is greater than each voltage level belonging to the second range, and each voltage level belonging to the second range is greater than each voltage level belonging to the third range.