Optical filters complementary angular blocking regions

An optical filter comprising:

• an angle blocking layer having a first angular light blocking range θAL relative to the normal axis, wherein the first angular light blocking range θAL has an upper limit less than 90°, wherein the angle blocking layer has a predetermined light leakage angular transmission zone, and wherein the predetermined light leakage angular transmission zone θAL extends from the upper limit of the first angular light blocking range θAL to 90°;
• an interference filter having an incidence angle-dependent reflection band, wherein the interference filter has a second angular light blocking range θIF relative to the normal axis, wherein θB is a union of θIF and θAL, wherein θIF and θAL at least partially overlap, and wherein the predetermined light leakage angular transmission zone of the angle blocking layer is covered by the second angular light blocking range θIF of the interference filter;
• and
• an absorbing layer having an absorption band, wherein the incidence angle-dependent reflection band and the absorption band overlap at at least one wavelength at at least one angle of incidence.