# US 11,898,806 B2 · Heat exchanger > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,898,806 B2 - Document ID: US11898806B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/009,118 - Filed: 2020-09-01 - Published: 2021-04-22 - Granted: 2024-02-13 - Earliest claimed: 2019-10-18 - Assignees: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation - Applicants: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation - Inventors: Adam Horoszczak; Rafal Lewandowski - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11898806B2 ## CPC - F28F 1/022: {with multiple channels} - F28F 7/02: Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media {(F28D7/0008 takes precedence)} - F28D 1/0476: {the conduits having a non-circular cross-section} - F28D 1/05366: {Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators} - F28D 7/0025: {the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes} - F28D 7/06: the conduits having a single U-bend (F28D7/10 takes precedence){(F28D7/0016 and F28D7/0033 take precedence)} - F28F 1/025: {with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features (F28F1/06, F28F1/08, F28F9/16, F28F9/18 take precedence)} - F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16) - F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general) ## Abstract A layer of a heat exchanger includes plurality of flow paths, a first end section comprising a plurality of flow path inlets and a plurality flow path outlets. a second end section comprising a turnaround section, a first morphing section fluidly connect to the first end section, a second morphing section fluidly connected to the second end section; and a central section positioned between and fluidly connected to the first and second morphing sections. The plurality of flow paths extend from the flow path inlets to the flow path outlets via the turnaround section in the second end section. In the first end section and the second end section the flow paths have a first cross section. The central section the flow paths have a second cross section and in the first and second morphing section the cross section of the flow paths morph between first and second cross sections. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A layer for a multilayer heat exchanger, the layer comprising: a plurality of flow paths; a first end section comprising a plurality of flow path inlets and a plurality flow path outlets; a second end section comprising a turnaround section; a first morphing section fluidly connect to the first end section; a second morphing section fluidly connected to the second end section; and a central section positioned between and fluidly connected to the first and second morphing sections; wherein the plurality of flow paths extend from the flow path inlets in the first end section to the flow path outlets at the first end section via the turnaround section at the second end section to allow for two-pass flow; wherein in the first end section and the second end section the flow paths have a first cross section; wherein in the central section the flow paths have a second cross section; wherein in the first and second morphing sections, the cross section of the flow paths morphs between first cross section and the second cross section; wherein the first and second morphing sections allow the first end section, the central section, and the turnaround section to be integrated within the layer as one continuous flow path without the need for a separate turnaround section to redistribute the flow in use; wherein the layer of the heat exchanger is separated into a first side and a second side by a separating wall extending in a longitudinal direction of the layer; and wherein the layer comprises one or more enclosed flow paths adjacent to the separating wall which do not extend into the turnaround section. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first cross section allows for the first and second end sections to fit within an area of a first, relatively small, depth, compared to the second cross section which results in the central section extending across a second, larger depth. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second cross section is arranged such that the flow paths thereof will be interleaved with flow paths of an adjacent layer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first cross section is rectangular and the second cross section is a diamond shape. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first cross section is rectangular and the second cross section is hexagonal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A layer of the heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross section of the morphing section is an irregular hexagonal shape. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow paths have a constant cross-sectional area along their length. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of flow paths comprise a plurality of outward flow paths and a plurality of return flow paths formed in the first side and second side of the layer respectively. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turnaround section is directly and fluidly connected to all the flow paths within the layer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) A layer of a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, wherein vanes extend from the plurality of outward flow paths into the turnaround section. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A heat exchanger comprising: two or more of the layers as defined in claim 1. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The heat exchanger of claim 11, wherein each of two or more layers is rotated by 180 degrees with respect to an adjacent layer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 12, wherein the cross-sectional area or cross sectional shape of the plurality of flow paths in one or more layers of the heat exchanger is different.