# US 11,898,705 B2 · System and method for mechanical failure classification, condition assessment and remediation recommendation

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- Number: US 11,898,705 B2
- Document ID: US11898705B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/286,405
- Filed: 2019-10-17
- Published: 2021-12-16
- Granted: 2024-02-13
- Earliest claimed: 2018-10-18
- Assignees: Aquarius Spectrum Ltd.
- Applicants: Aquarius Spectrum Ltd.
- Inventors: David Solomon; Bori Solomon
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11898705B2

## CPC

- F17D 5/06: using electric or acoustic means
- E03B 7/003: {Arrangement for testing of watertightness of water supply conduits}
- E03B 7/071: {Arrangement of safety devices in domestic pipe systems, e.g. devices for automatic shut-off}
- E03B 7/072: {Arrangement of flowmeters}
- G01M 3/243: {for pipes}
- G01M 3/2815: {using pressure measurements}
- G06Q 10/20: Administration of product repair or maintenance
- G06Q 50/06: Energy or water supply
- Y02A 20/15: Leakage reduction or detection in water storage or distribution
- F17D: PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F04; fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B9/06)
- E03B: INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER (drilling wells, obtaining fluids in general from wells E21B; pipe-line systems in general F17D)
- G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

## Abstract

A system for pipe network failure classification, may include one or more sensors, a pipe network parts database, and at least one processor communicatively networked to the one or more sensors and the pipe network parts database. The at least one processor is configured to intermittently receive sensor collected parameters from the one or more sensors, reference, upon receipt of an indication of a failure of a pipe in the pipe network, records of the pipe network parts database and retrieve one or more feature parameter values associated with the failed pipe's operational or environmental conditions, and classify the pipe failure into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on values of parameters associated with the failed pipe that are received from at least one of the one or more sensors or the pipe network parts database.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for pipe condition assessment in a system comprising a processor and at least one sensor installed on a pipe, said method comprising:
measuring, by the at least one sensor, leak data relating to a leak of the pipe, and
estimating, by the processor based on the measured leak data, leak intensity of a pipe section of the pipe;
assessing, by the processor based on the estimated leak intensity, condition of the pipe section;
measuring, by the at least one sensor, acoustic wave velocity data relating to strength of a pipe wall of the pipe;
estimating, by the processor, a pipe strength of the pipe based on the measured acoustic wave velocity data; and
assessing, by the processor, condition of the pipe section based on at least one of the estimated leak intensity or the estimated pipe strength.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
estimating, by the processor, a plurality of values of leak intensity for a period of time;
calculating, by the processor based on the plurality of values of leak intensity, a growth rate of the leak of the pipe; and
assessing, by the processor based on the calculated leak growth rate, condition of the pipe.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one sensor comprises two acoustic sensors, and
the estimating leak intensity of the pipe section comprises:
installing the two acoustic sensors in proximity to the pipe section such that a distance between two acoustic sensors is a predetermined distance;
calculating an acoustic power by the two acoustic sensors; and
calculating the leak intensity of the pipe section based on the acoustic power.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating an acoustic power comprises:
measuring, by the two acoustic sensors, correlation and attenuation of acoustic signals in the pipe; and
calculating, by the two acoustic sensors, the acoustic power based on the measured correlation and attenuation of acoustic signals.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method according to claim 3, wherein
the at least one sensor further comprises a pressure sensor, and
the method further comprises:
measuring, by the pressure sensor, a differential pressure representing a difference between a water pressure in the pipe and a pressure outside the pipe; and
calculating a leak flow of the pipe section based on the acoustic power and the differential pressure.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
measuring, by the at least one sensor, pressure transients in the pipe;
estimating, by the processor, changes in pipe wall strength of the pipe; and
assessing, by the processor, condition of the pipe section based on at least one of the estimated leak intensity or the estimated changes in pipe wall strength.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method according to claim 6, wherein the pressure transients include localized wave fronts that travel through the pipe.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
analyzing, by the processor, reflection of the pressure transients by changes in wall thickness and elastic modulus; and
estimating, by the processor based on a result of the analysis, the changes in pipe wall strength.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The method according to claim 4, wherein
the acoustic power released by a leak jet of the leak is calculated from the following formula:
Jet
⁢
Power
[
N
×
m
s
]
=
Flow
[
m
3
s
]
×
Pressure
[
n
m
2
]
,
a fraction of the calculated jet power is converted to the acoustic power that travels over the pipes to the at least one sensor, and
a conversion ratio depends on factors including the shape of the leak, that influence a jet velocity.

### Claim 10 (depends on 4)

The method according to claim 4, wherein
acoustic vibrations from the leak propagate to the at least one sensors along the pipe and are represented by a first attenuation coefficient,
the acoustic power is estimated using a pipe attenuation model in which a second attenuation coefficient is defined over the pipe according to a pipe material or additional pipe characteristics, and
the model is calibrated by measuring a attenuation coefficient for corresponding pipes.

### Claim 11 (depends on 4)

The method according to claim 4, wherein
the acoustic power is calculated by a function f, which factors in both sensors signal correlation intensity and a signal attenuation in the pipe, using the following formula:
Acoustic Power Pa=f(correlation intensity,attenuation).

### Claim 12 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein the leak flow of the pipe section is calculated based on the acoustic power and the differential pressure using a conversion factor from the following formula:
Leak Flow=Acoustic Power÷(Conversion Factor×Pressure).

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the leak data comprises at least one of (1) pressure measurements; (2) acoustic measurements including velocity, amplitude, wavelength, energy of acoustic waves, or intensity of acoustic waves; (3) flow rate; or (4) vibration measurements from the at least one sensor.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes hydrophone sensors for larger diameter pipe network parts or sections.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining a time period for data collection, wherein the time period has a length of time during which an amount of data are continuously collected for pipe condition analysis;
storing the amount of data in a pipe network parts database to create a trend in leak development dynamics of a monitored pipe network or a monitored pipe network part;
upon determination that a leak exists in the monitored pipe network part, determining if the leak growth rate is high; and
detecting, based on a result of determining if the leak growth rate is high, changes in flow rate, pressure, or acoustic intensity, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
determining, based on a result of determining if the leak growth rate is high, if the leak develops quickly after repair; and
determining, in response to determining that the leak develops quickly after repair, that the leak occurs as a result of an electric current etching effect that eats away at a pipe wall.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining if the leak intensity reaches a peak followed by a gradual roll-off in intensity;
issuing, based on determining if the leak intensity reaches the peak, a pipe condition assessment result indicating that a monitored pipe network part is a metal pipe with a breakage due to mechanical stress;
determining if a steep drop in intensity occurs after a peak has been reached; and
issuing, based on determining that the steep drop in intensity occurs after the peak has been reached, a pipe condition assessment result indicating that the monitored pipe network part is a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or asbestos-cement (AC) pipe with a breakage due to mechanical stress.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method according to claim 17, further comprising: identifying, as a cause of the leak based on the leak intensity, the breakage due to mechanical stress such that a section of the pipe breaks due to mechanical stress exerted on a pipe material.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method according to claim 18, wherein the breakage due to mechanical stress is identified by detecting a sharp increase to a peak in the leak intensity, followed by a sharp decrease as a result of pressure drop in the pipe which is a PVC pipe or AC pipe.

### Claim 20

A system for pipe network failure classification, said system comprising:
one or more sensors deployed in, on or in proximity to at least one pipe of a pipe network, for monitoring a pipe operation condition and collecting related sensor parameter values; and,
at least one processor, communicatively networked to said one or more sensors and to a pipe network parts database, said pipe network parts database storing feature parameter value records of pipes in the pipe network, said at least one processor is configured to:
(i) intermittently receive the sensor parameters values from said one or more sensors, the sensors parameter values may be an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
(ii) reference, upon receipt of an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe the records stored in the pipe network parts database;
(iii) retrieve one or more feature parameter value records of the at least one pipe; and
(iv) classify the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on the sensor parameter values or the retrieved one or more feature parameter value records of the at least one pipe,
a failure history database storing records of failure history, wherein said at least one processor is further configured to
reference the records of failure history to retrieve one or more prior failure parameter values associated with the at least one pipe, and
classify the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on the retrieved one or more prior failure parameter values.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The system according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the following (a), (b), or (c) is satisfied:
(a) said one or more sensors include one or more acoustic sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to detect a leak and estimate an intensity and an intensity growth rate of the leak, based on the sensor parameter values collected by the one or more acoustic sensors;
(b) said one or more sensors include one or more pressure sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to detect and correlate pressure changes and pressure surges with an appearance and a growth rate of the failure;
(c) said one or more sensors include one or more pressure sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to estimate a condition of the at least one pipe, based on calculation of a pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe using corresponding sensor parameter values collected by said one or more pressure sensors.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The system according to claim 21,
wherein said one or more pressure sensors are configured to collect related pressure transient parameter values that include at least pressure transient magnitudes and a number of oscillations over a time period, and
wherein said at least one processor is configured to calculate a probability of a related pressure transient failure in the pipe network or a specific section thereof, using a pipe stress factor calculation scheme factoring the at least pressure transient magnitudes and the number of oscillations.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

The system according to claim 20, wherein said at least one processor is configured to select for recommendation one or more remediation solutions or tasks matching a failure category into which the failure of the at least one pipe is classified.

### Claim 24 (depends on 20)

The system according to claim 20, wherein said at least one processor is further configured to:
upon receipt of request for an assessment of a specific section of the pipe network, reference classification results records of one or more failure classifications made by said at least one processor and retrieve a specific record corresponding to the specific section, and
assess a condition of specific section, based on the specific record.

### Claim 25 (depends on 20)

The system according to claim 20, wherein the records of failure history include a database of prior leak parameter records, the database of prior leak parameter records comprising at least one of (1) location of leak in the pipe network; (2) leaking pipe section details of pipes with leak; (3) leak growth rate of leak over time; (4) leak size at a time of repair; (5) leak type selected from crack, hole, or corrosion; or (6) other leak related data.

### Claim 26 (depends on 20)

The system according to claim 20, wherein said pipe network parts database stores:
(1) historic records of leaks labeled by failure type including corrosion, ground movement, or leak location; and
(2) attributes of the at least one pipe including at least one of material, diameter, year of installation, working pressure, pressure transients, temperature changes, wall thickness, ground corrosiveness, ground conductivity, or copper pipe connection density per unit length.

### Claim 27

A method for pipe network failure classification, said method comprising:
monitoring operation conditions of at least one pipe of a pipe network and logging related operation parameter values collected by one or more sensors deployed in, on or in proximity to the at least one pipe of the pipe network, the operation parameter values may be an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
monitoring environment conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related environment parameter values;
intermittently receiving the operation parameter values collected by the one or more sensors;
receiving an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe, or learning of a failure in the pipe network of the at least one pipe by accessing a pipe network failures database that stores records of related operation parameter values collected by the one or more sensors and finding an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
referencing, upon receipt or finding the indication of the failure of the at least one pipe, records of a pipe network parts database that stores feature parameter value records of pipes in the pipe network;
retrieving one or more feature parameter values records associated with the at least one pipe; and
classifying the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on at least one collected operation parameters values, one collected environment parameters values and one retrieved feature parameter value records
referencing records of a failure history database that stores failure parameter value records of prior failure pipes in the pipe network; and
retrieving one or more failure parameter value records associated with the at least one pipe,
wherein classifying the failure of the at least one pipe is based on at least one the retrieved failure parameter value records.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method according to claim 27, wherein at least one of the following
(a), (b), or (c) is satisfied:
(a) monitoring operation conditions of the at least one pipe of the pipe network and logging related operation parameter values includes monitoring acoustic conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related acoustic parameter values collected by one or more acoustic sensors, wherein said method further comprises detecting a leak in the at least one pipe and estimating an intensity and an intensity growth rate of the leak, based on the collected acoustic parameter values;
(b) said method additionally comprises (1) monitoring pressure conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related pressure parameter values collected by one or more pressure sensors and (2) correlating pressure changes and pressure surges as expressed in pressure parameter values collected over time, with known pipe failure appearances and growth rate schemes;
(c) said method additionally comprises (1) calculating a pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe, using the pressure parameter values collected by one or more pressure sensors and (2) estimating a condition of at the least one pipe based on the calculated pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The method according to claim 28, further comprising:
collecting related pressure transient parameter values includes at least pressure transient magnitudes and a number of oscillations over a time period; and
calculating a probability of a related pressure transient failure in the pipe network or a specific section thereof, using a pipe stress factor calculation scheme factoring the at least pressure transient magnitudes and the number of oscillations.

### Claim 30 (depends on 27)

The method according to claim 27, further comprising:
selecting for recommendation one or more remediation solutions or tasks matching a failure category into which the failure of the at least one pipe is classified.

### Claim 31 (depends on 27)

The method according to claim 27, wherein the records of a failures history include a prior leak parameter records, the prior leak parameter records comprising at least one of (1) location of leak in the pipe network; (2) details of pipes with leak; (3) leak growth rate over time; (4) leak size at a time of repair; (5) leak type selected from crack, hole, or corrosion; or (6) other leak related data.

### Claim 32 (depends on 27)

The method according to claim 27, wherein said pipe network parts database stores: (1) historic records of leaks labeled by failure type including corrosion, ground movement, or leak location; and (2) attributes of the at last one pipe including at least one of material, diameter, year of installation, working pressure, pressure transients, temperature changes, wall thickness, ground corrosiveness, ground conductivity, or copper pipe connection density per unit length.

### Claim 33

A system for pipe network failure classification, said system comprising:
one or more sensors deployed in, on or in proximity to at least one pipe of a pipe network, for monitoring a pipe operation condition and collecting related sensor parameter values; and,
at least one processor, communicatively networked to said one or more sensors and to a pipe network parts database, said pipe network parts database storing feature parameter value records of pipes in the pipe network, said at least one processor is configured to:
(i) intermittently receive the sensor parameter values from said one or more sensors, the sensors parameter values may be an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
(ii) reference, upon receipt of an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe, the records stored in the pipe network parts database;
(iii) retrieve one or more feature parameter value records of the at least one pipe; and
(iv) classify the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on the sensor parameter values or the retrieved one or more feature parameter value records of the at least one pipe, wherein said pipe network parts database stores:
(1) historic records of leaks labeled by failure type including corrosion, ground movement, or leak location; and
(2) attributes of the at least one pipe including at least one of material, diameter, year of installation, working pressure, pressure transients, temperature changes, wall thickness, ground corrosiveness, ground conductivity, or copper pipe connection density per unit length.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

The system according to claim 33, further comprising a failure history database storing records of failure history,
wherein said at least one processor is further configured to
reference the records of failure history to retrieve one or more prior failure parameter values associated with the at least one pipe, and
classify the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on the retrieved one or more prior failure parameter values.

### Claim 35 (depends on 33)

The system according to claim 33, wherein at least one of the following (a), (b), or (c) is satisfied:
(a) said one or more sensors include one or more acoustic sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to detect a leak and estimate an intensity and an intensity growth rate of the leak, based on the sensor parameter values collected by the one or more acoustic sensors;
(b) said one or more sensors include one or more pressure sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to detect and correlate pressure changes and pressure surges with an appearance and a growth rate of the failure;
(c) said one or more sensors include one or more pressure sensors, and said at least one processor is configured to estimate a condition of the at least one pipe, based on calculation of a pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe using corresponding sensor parameter values collected by said one or more pressure sensors.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The system according to claim 35,
wherein said one or more pressure sensors are configured to collect related pressure transient parameter values that include at least pressure transient magnitudes and a number of oscillations over a time period, and
wherein said at least one processor is configured to calculate a probability of a related pressure transient failure in the pipe network or a specific section thereof, using a pipe stress factor calculation scheme factoring the at least pressure transient magnitudes and the number of oscillations.

### Claim 37 (depends on 33)

The system according to claim 33, wherein said at least one processor is configured to select for recommendation one or more remediation solutions or tasks matching a failure category into which the failure of the at least one pipe is classified.

### Claim 38 (depends on 33)

The system according to claim 33, wherein said at least one processor is further configured to:
upon receipt of request for an assessment of a specific section of the pipe network, reference classification results records of one or more failure classifications made by said at least one processor and retrieve a specific record corresponding to the specific section, and
assess a condition of specific section, based on the specific record.

### Claim 39 (depends on 34)

The system according to claim 34, wherein the records of failure history include a database of prior leak parameter records, the database of prior leak parameter records comprising at least one of (1) location of leak in the pipe network; (2) details of pipes with leak; (3) leak growth rate over time; (4) leak size at a time of repair; (5) leak type selected from crack, hole, or corrosion; or (6) other leak related data.

### Claim 40

A method for pipe network failure classification, said method comprising:
monitoring operation conditions of at least one pipe of a pipe network and logging related operation parameter values collected by one or more sensors deployed in, on or in proximity to the at least one pipe of the pipe network, the operation parameter values may be an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
monitoring environment conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related environment parameter values;
intermittently receiving the operation parameter values collected by the one or more sensors;
receiving an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe, or learning of a failure in the pipe network of the at least one pipe by accessing a pipe network failures database that stores records of related operation parameter values collected by the one or more sensors and finding an indication of a failure of the at least one pipe;
referencing, upon receipt or finding the indication of the failure of the at least one pipe, records of a pipe network parts database that stores feature parameter value records of pipes in the pipe network;
retrieving one or more feature parameter value records associated with the at least one pipe; and
classifying the failure of the at least one pipe into one of two or more failure categories associated with different failure causes, based on at least one collected operation parameter values, one collected environment parameter values and one retrieved feature parameter value records
wherein said pipe network parts database stores: (1) historic records of leaks labeled by failure type including corrosion, ground movement, or leak location; and (2) attributes of the at last one pipe including at least one of material, diameter, year of installation, working pressure, pressure transients, temperature changes, wall thickness, ground corrosiveness, ground conductivity, or copper pipe connection density per unit length.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The method according to claim 40, further comprising:
referencing records of a failure history database that stores failure parameter value records of prior failure pipes in the pipe network; and
retrieving one or more failure parameter values records associated with the at least one pipe,
wherein classifying the failure of the at least one pipe is based on at least one the retrieved failure parameter value records.

### Claim 42 (depends on 40)

The method according to claim 40, wherein at least one of the following
(a), (b), or (c) is satisfied:
(a) monitoring operation conditions of the at least one pipe network and logging related operation parameter values include monitoring acoustic conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related acoustic parameter values collected by one or more acoustic sensors, wherein said method further comprises detecting a leak in the at least one pipe and estimating an intensity and an intensity growth rate of the leak, based on the collected acoustic parameter values;
(b) said method additionally comprises (1) monitoring pressure conditions of the at least one pipe and collecting related pressure parameter values collected by one or more pressure sensors and (2) correlating pressure changes and pressure surges as expressed in pressure parameter values collected over time, with known pipe failure appearances and growth rate schemes;
(c) said method additionally comprises (1) calculating a pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe, using the pressure parameter values collected by one or more pressure sensors and (2) estimating a condition of at the least one pipe based on the calculated pressure stress exerted on the at least one pipe.

### Claim 43 (depends on 40)

The method according to claim 40, further comprising:
collecting related pressure transient parameter values includes at least pressure transient magnitudes and a number of oscillations over a time period; and
calculating a probability of a related pressure transient failure in the pipe network or a specific section thereof, using a pipe stress factor calculation scheme factoring the at least pressure transient magnitudes and the number of oscillations.

### Claim 44 (depends on 40)

The method according to claim 40, further comprising:
selecting for recommendation one or more remediation solutions or tasks matching a failure category into which the failure of the at least one pipe is classified.

### Claim 45 (depends on 41)

The method according to claim 41, wherein the records of a failure history include a prior leak parameter records, the prior leak parameter records comprising at least one of (1) location of leak in the pipe network; (2) details of pipes with leak; (3) leak growth rate over time; (4) leak size at a time of repair; (5) leak type selected from crack, hole, or corrosion; or (6) other leak related data.