# US 11,898,429 B2 · Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,898,429 B2 - Document ID: US11898429B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/138,319 - Filed: 2023-04-24 - Published: 2023-08-24 - Granted: 2024-02-13 - Earliest claimed: 2020-06-22 - Assignees: BJ Energy Solutions, LLC - Applicants: BJ Energy Solutions, LLC - Inventors: Tony Yeung; Ricardo Rodriguez-Ramon; Diankui Fu; Warren Zemlak; Caleb Barclay - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11898429B2 ## CPC - E21B 43/2607: {Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations} - F04B 47/02: the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level (F04B47/12 takes precedence) - F02C 3/10: with another turbine driving an output shaft but not driving the compressor - F02C 6/00: Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use - F02C 7/26: Starting; Ignition - F02C 7/268: Starting drives for the rotor {, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started} - F02C 7/32: Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries - F02C 7/36: Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user ({F02C3/107 - F02C3/13 and} F02C7/32 take precedence; couplings for transmitting rotation F16D; gearing in general F16H) - F02C 9/20: by throttling; by adjusting vanes - F02C 9/28: Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed (F02C9/30 - F02C9/38, F02C9/44 take precedence) - F04B 17/05: driven by internal-combustion engines - F04B 49/08: Regulating by delivery pressure - F04B 49/103: {Responsive to speed} - F04B 49/20: by changing the driving speed - F05D 2270/02: to control rotational speed (n) - F05D 2270/023: of different spools or shafts - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS - F04B: POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS (machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F04C; non-positive-displacement pumps F04D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F04F) - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS ## Abstract Systems and methods to pump fracturing fluid into a wellhead may include a gas turbine engine including a compressor turbine shaft connected to a compressor, and a power turbine output shaft connected to a power turbine. The compressor turbine shaft and the power turbine output shaft may be rotatable at different rotational speeds. The systems may also include a transmission including a transmission input shaft connected to the power turbine output shaft and a transmission output shaft connected to a hydraulic fracturing pump. The systems may also include a fracturing unit controller configured to control one or more of the rotational speeds of the compressor turbine shaft, the power turbine output shaft, or the transmission output shaft based at least in part on target signals and fluid flow signals indicative of one or more of pressure or flow rate associated with fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A hydraulic fracturing unit assembly to pump a fracturing fluid into a wellhead, the hydraulic fracturing unit assembly comprising: a gas turbine engine including: a compressor, a combustor section positioned to receive compressed air from the compressor, a compressor turbine connected to the compressor such that the compressor turbine rotates with the compressor at a first rotational speed, and a power turbine positioned such that heated combustion gas output from the combustor section causes the power turbine to rotate at a second rotational speed; a transmission including: an input shaft connected to the power turbine such that the input shaft rotates at the second rotational speed, and an output shaft positioned to be driven by the input shaft at a third rotational speed; a hydraulic fracturing pump positioned to pump fracturing fluid into the wellhead, the hydraulic fracturing pump connected to the output shaft; a brake assembly configured to at least partially control the second rotational speed of the power turbine independent from the first rotational speed of the compressor turbine; and a fracturing unit controller configured to: control one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed based at least in part on one or more of a target pressure or a target flow rate associated with fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead, and generate one or more brake control signals configured to at least partially control operation of the brake assembly; and generate one or more idle signals to cause a starter assembly of the gas turbine engine to cause the compressor and the compressor turbine to rotate at a target idle speed while the power turbine remains at zero rotational speed. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more brake control signals are configured to cause the brake assembly to prevent rotation of the power turbine. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more variable geometry assemblies configured to at least partially control the second rotational speed of the power turbine, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to generate one or more geometry signals configured to control operation of the one or more variable geometry assemblies to at least partially control the second rotational speed. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more transmission actuators configured to control a ratio of the second rotational speed to the third rotational speed, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to generate one or more ratio signals configured to control the ratio of the second rotational speed to the third rotational speed. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more speed sensors configured to generate one or more rotational signals indicative of one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to: receive the one or more rotational signals, and at least partially control, based at least in part on the one or more rotational signals, the third rotational speed. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more fluid sensors associated with a discharge conduit of the hydraulic fracturing unit assembly and configured to generate one or more fluid flow signals indicative of one or more of an actual pressure or an actual flow rate associated with the fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to control the one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed based at least in part the one or more fluid flow signals. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more torque sensors associated with the compressor turbine, the power turbine, the input shaft, the output shaft, or the hydraulic fracturing pump, the one or more torque sensors being configured to generate one or more torque signals indicative of torque at a respective location of the one or more torque sensors, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to control, based at least in part on one or more of the one or more torque signals, the one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, wherein the fracturing unit controller is further configured to: receive one or more drive signals indicative of supplying power to the hydraulic fracturing pump; and generate, based at least in part on the one or more drive signals, one or more pump actuation signals to cause the power turbine to rotate and drive the input shaft. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 1, further comprising a vibration damping assembly positioned to damp vibration associated with operation of the hydraulic fracturing pump, and wherein the vibration damping assembly comprises: a hub connected to either the output shaft or a pump shaft of the hydraulic fracturing pump; and a housing connected to the hub such that the housing rotates with the hub, the housing including: an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, a pair of opposing side covers extending between the annular inner ring and the annular outer ring, and an annular cavity. ### Claim 10 A method for pumping a fracturing fluid into a wellhead, the method comprising: controlling, via a fracturing unit controller, based at least in part on one or more of a target pressure, a target flow rate, an actual pressure, or an actual flow rate associated with the fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead by a hydraulic fracturing pump, one or more of: a first rotational speed associated with a compressor and a compressor turbine of a gas turbine engine, the compressor positioned to provide compressed air to a combustor section of the gas turbine engine, a second rotational speed associated with a power turbine of the gas turbine engine, the power turbine positioned such that heated combustion gas output from the combustor section causes the power turbine to rotate at the second rotational speed, or a third rotational speed associated with an output shaft of a transmission of the gas turbine engine, the output shaft connected to a hydraulic fracturing pump positioned to pump the fracturing fluid into the wellhead, and the transmission having an input shaft connected to the power turbine such that the input shaft rotates at the second rotational speed to drive the hydraulic fracturing pump; and generating one or more brake control signals configured to at least partially control operation of a brake assembly of the gas turbine engine, the brake assembly configured to at least partially control the second rotational speed of the power turbine independent from the first rotational speed of the compressor turbine; and receiving, via the fracturing unit controller, one or more starter signals indicative of starting the gas turbine engine; and causing, based at least in part on the one or more starter signals, the compressor turbine to rotate at a target idle speed while the power turbine remains at zero rotational speed. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising controlling, based at least in part on one or more of the target pressure, the target flow rate, the actual pressure, or the actual flow rate, operation of one or more variable geometry assemblies associated with the power turbine so as to control, at least partially, the second rotational speed of the power turbine. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising controlling, based at least in part on one or more of the target pressure, the target flow rate, the actual pressure, or the actual flow rate, operation of one or more transmission actuators associated with the transmission and configured to control a ratio of the second rotational speed to the third rotational speed. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: receiving, via the fracturing unit controller, one or more rotational signals indicative of one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed; and controlling, based at least in part on the one or more rotational signals, the third rotational speed. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: receiving, via the fracturing unit controller, one or more drive signals indicative of supplying power to the hydraulic fracturing pump; and causing, based at least in part on the one or more drive signals, the power turbine to rotate and drive the input shaft of the transmission. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising causing the brake assembly to release and permit the power turbine to rotate and drive the input shaft. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising controlling, via the fracturing unit controller, the third rotational speed of the hydraulic fracturing pump based at least in part on the one or more of the target pressure, the target flow rate, the actual pressure, or the actual flow rate. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising damping vibration associated with operation of the hydraulic fracturing pump with a vibration damping assembly comprising: a hub connected to either the output shaft or a pump shaft of the hydraulic fracturing pump; and a housing connected to the hub such that the housing rotates with the hub, the housing including: an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, a pair of opposing side covers extending between the annular inner ring and the annular outer ring, and an annular cavity. ### Claim 18 A powertrain to supply power, the powertrain comprising: a gas turbine engine comprising: a compressor positioned to compress air for a combustor section; a starter assembly connected to the compressor; a compressor turbine connected to the compressor such that the compressor and the compressor turbine rotate a first rotational speed; a power turbine positioned such that heated combustion gas from the combustor section causes the power turbine to rotate at a second rotational speed; a fracturing unit controller configured to generate one or more idle signals to cause the starter assembly to cause at least one of the compressor and the compressor turbine to rotate at a target idle speed while the power turbine remains at zero rotational speed; and a transmission comprising: an input shaft connected to the power turbine such that the input shaft rotates at the second rotational speed; and an output shaft configured to drive a pump and positioned to be driven by the input shaft at a third rotational speed; a brake assembly configured to at least partially control the second rotational speed of the power turbine independent from the first rotational speed of the compressor turbine; and a controller in communication with one or more of the gas turbine engine or the transmission, the controller being configured to: control one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed based at least in part on one or more of a target pressure or a target flow rate associated with a fluid to be pumped by the pump, and generate one or more brake control signals configured to at least partially control operation of the brake assembly. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The powertrain of claim 18, further comprising one or more variable geometry assemblies, wherein the controller is configured to generate one or more geometry signals configured to control operation of the one or more variable geometry assemblies, thereby to control, at least partially, the second rotational speed of the power turbine. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The powertrain of claim 18, further comprising one or more transmission actuators, wherein the controller is configured to generate, one or more ratio signals configured to control a ratio of the second rotational speed of the input shaft to the third rotational speed of the output shaft via the one or more transmission actuators. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The powertrain of claim 18, further comprising one or more speed sensors configured to generate one or more rotational signals indicative of one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed, wherein the controller is configured to: receive the one or more rotational signals; and at least partially control, based at least in part on the one or more rotational signals, the third rotational speed. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The powertrain of claim 18, further comprising one or more fluid sensors configured to be associated with a discharge conduit of the pump and configured to generate one or more fluid flow signals indicative of one or more of an actual pressure associated or an actual flow rate associated with the fluid pumped by the pump, and wherein the controller is configured to control the one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed based at least in part the one or more fluid flow signals. ### Claim 23 (depends on 18) The powertrain of claim 18, further comprising a vibration damping assembly positioned to damp vibration associated with operation of the pump, and wherein the vibration damping assembly comprises: a hub connected to either the output shaft or a pump shaft of the pump; and a housing connected to the hub such that the housing rotates with the hub, the housing including: an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, a pair of opposing side covers extending between the annular inner ring and the annular outer ring, and an annular cavity. ### Claim 24 A hydraulic fracturing unit assembly comprising: a chassis; a gas turbine engine connected to the chassis, the gas turbine engine including: a compressor positioned to compress air, a starter assembly connected to the compressor, a compressor turbine connected to the compressor such that the compressor turbine and the compressor rotate a first rotational speed, and a power turbine positioned such that heated combustion gas causes the power turbine to rotate at a second rotational speed; a brake assembly to prevent rotation of the power turbine independent from rotation of the compressor turbine; a transmission including: an input shaft connected to the power turbine such that the input shaft rotates at the second rotational speed, and an output shaft positioned to be driven by the input shaft at a third rotational speed; a hydraulic fracturing pump connected to the chassis and positioned to pump fracturing fluid into a wellhead, the hydraulic fracturing pump connected to the output shaft such that the output shaft drives the hydraulic fracturing pump at the third rotational speed; and a fracturing unit controller configured to: generate one or more idle signals to cause the starter assembly to cause the compressor and the compressor turbine to rotate at a target idle speed while the power turbine remains at zero rotational speed, and control, one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed based at least in part on: one or more target signals indicative of one or more of a target pressure or a target flow rate associated with a fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead, or one or more fluid flow signals indicative of one or more of an actual pressure or an actual flow rate associated with the fracturing fluid pumped into the wellhead. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 24, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to generate one or more brake control signals configured to cause the brake assembly to prevent rotation of the power turbine. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 25, further comprising a vibration damping assembly positioned to damp vibration associated with operation of the hydraulic fracturing pump, and wherein the vibration damping assembly comprises: a hub connected to either the output shaft or a pump shaft of the hydraulic fracturing pump; and a housing connected to the hub such that the housing rotates with the hub, the housing including: an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, a pair of opposing side covers extending between the annular inner ring and the annular outer ring, and an annular cavity. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 25, further comprising one or more speed sensors configured to generate one or more rotational signals indicative of one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to: receive the one or more rotational signals; and at least partially control, based at least in part on the one or more rotational signals, the third rotational speed. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The hydraulic fracturing unit assembly of claim 27, further comprising one or more torque sensors associated with the compressor turbine, the power turbine, the input shaft, the output shaft, or the hydraulic fracturing pump, the one or more torque sensors being configured to generate one or more torque signals indicative of torque at a respective location of the one or more torque sensors, wherein the fracturing unit controller is configured to control, based at least in part on one or more of the one or more torque signals, one or more of the first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, or the third rotational speed.