# US 11,897,166 B2 · Method for compacting powder material > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,897,166 B2 - Document ID: US11897166B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/263,329 - Filed: 2019-08-01 - Published: 2021-09-09 - Granted: 2024-02-13 - Earliest claimed: 2018-08-01 - Assignees: Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa - Applicants: Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa - Inventors: Paolo Testi; Vanes Terziari - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11897166B2 ## CPC - B28B 5/027: {the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed (feeding B28B13/02)} - B28B 3/123: {on material in moulds or on moulding surfaces moving continuously underneath or between the rollers, e.g. on an endless belt} - B30B 5/06: co-operating with another endless band - B30B 11/22: Extrusion presses; Dies therefor (extruding by the use of roller-and-ring machines B30B11/20) - B44C 1/24: Pressing or stamping ornamental designs on surfaces - B44F 9/02: wood grain effects - B44F 9/04: of stone surfaces, e.g. marble - B28B: SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER (foundry moulding B22C; working stone or stone-like material B28D; shaping of substances in a plastic state, in general B29C; making layered products not composed wholly of these substances B32B) - B30B: PRESSES IN GENERAL (producing ultra-high pressure or ultra-high pressure and high temperature to effect modifications of a substance, e.g. for making artificial diamonds B01J3/00 ){(compressing means for refuse receptacles B65F1/1405)} - B44C: PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS (processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general B05D; shaping of plastics or substances in a plastic state B29C; printing processes to produce transfer pictures B41M3/12; thermographic duplication or marking methods B41M5/00); MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK (imitation of mosaic or tarsia work patterns B44F11/04); PAPERHANGING {(labels G09F; multi-step processes for making paper labels or tags B31D1/02)} - B44F: SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES ## Abstract A method for compacting ceramic powder; a layer of uncompacted ceramic powder is conveyed to a pressure device, which has a structured contact surface and comes into contact with the powder material so as to obtain a layer of compacted powder material having a structured surface; the pressure device comprises a first layer and a superficial layer arranged on the first layer; at least part of the superficial layer wears so as to uncover at least part of the first layer and obtain at least areas of the first outwardly exposed layer the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are hardened by means of irradiation with UV radiations. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for compacting a powder material comprising ceramic powder; the method comprises at least a first compacting step, during which the powder material is compacted, at a work station, so as to obtain a layer of compacted powder material and a pressure device, having a structured contact surface, comes into contact with the powder material so that the layer of compacted powder material has a structured surface; and a conveying step, during which the powder material is conveyed, along a first segment of a given path, to the work station and the layer of compacted powder material (KP) is conveyed from the work station along a second segment of the given path; the pressure device comprises at least a first layer and a superficial layer arranged so as to at least partially cover the first layer relative to the outside; during the first compacting step, the superficial layer comes into contact with the powder material and at least part of the superficial layer wears so as to uncover at least part of the first layer and obtain at least areas of the first outwardly exposed layer; the method comprising at least a first hardening step, which is at least partially simultaneous to and/or subsequent to the first compacting step and during which the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are hardened. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises at least a first polymer material and, during the first hardening step, the first polymer material is cross-linked. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the first hardening step, the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are irradiated. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein, during the first hardening step, the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are irradiated with at least a UV radiation. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein, during the first hardening step, the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are irradiated with specific energy ranging from 6 to 12 J/m2. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein, before the first hardening step, the superficial layer has a greater hardness than the hardness of the first layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises a first polymer material and the superficial layer comprises a further polymer material, which has a greater cross-linking degree than the cross-linking degree of the first polymer material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and comprising a preparation step to prepare the pressure device, which comprises: a first deposition sub-step, during which at least the first layer is deposited on top of a base layer of the pressure device; a first hardening sub-step, which is at least partially subsequent to the first deposition sub-step and during which the first layer is partially hardened; a second deposition sub-step, which is at least partially subsequent to the first hardening sub-step and during which the superficial layer is deposited on the first layer; and a second hardening sub-step, which is at least partially subsequent to the second deposition sub-step and during which the superficial layer is hardened to a greater extent than the extent to which the first layer is hardened during the first hardening sub-step. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, wherein the first layer comprises a first polymer material and the superficial layer comprises a further polymer material; during the first hardening sub-step, the first polymer material is cross-linked; during the second hardening sub-step, the further polymer material is cross-linked more than the first polymer material. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein, during the first hardening sub-step, the first layer is irradiated with at least an electromagnetic radiation; during the second hardening sub-step, the superficial layer is irradiated with a further electromagnetic radiation with a specific energy that is 2 to 8 times greater than the specific energy used to irradiate the first layer during the first hardening sub-step. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and comprising at least a second compacting step, during which the powder material is compacted, at the work station, so as to obtain the layer of compacted powder material and the pressure device, having the structured contact surface, comes into contact with the powder material so that the layer of compacted powder material has the structured surface; the pressure device comprises at least a second layer; the first layer is arranged so as to at least partially cover the second layer relative to the outside; during the second compacting step, at least part of the first layer comes into contact with the powder material and wears so as to uncover at least part of the second layer and obtain at least areas of the second outwardly exposed layer; the method comprising at least a second hardening step, which is at least partially simultaneous to and/or subsequent to the second compacting step and during which the areas of the second outwardly exposed layer are hardened. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, wherein the second layer comprises at least a second polymer material and, during the second hardening step, the second polymer material is cross-linked. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, wherein, during the second hardening step, the areas of the second outwardly exposed layer are irradiated, in particular with at least an electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the first compacting step, at least an area of the structured contact surface and the powder material move in an at least partially common advance direction; during the first hardening step, at least the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are irradiated by a radiation source, which is moved in a further direction crosswise to the advance direction. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, wherein the radiation source is moved in the further direction while the area of the structured contact surface and the powder material move in the advance direction. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, wherein the radiation source is moved in the further direction while the area of the structured contact surface and the powder material move in the advance direction; the radiation source is moved with a speed given by the following equation v B = L L N ⁢ v C wherein L is the emission width of the radiation source, LN is the linear development of the entire structured contact surface, vc is the speed of the structured contact surface in the advance direction, vb is the speed of the radiation source. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) A procedure for manufacturing ceramic products; the procedure comprises a method for compacting a powder material according to claim 1; a firing step, during which at least a portion of the layer of compacted powder material is fired. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The procedure according to claim 17 and comprising at least a cutting step, during which the layer of compacted powder is cut transversally so as to obtain a base article, which is a portion of the layer of compacted powder; during the firing step, the base article being subjected to a temperature of at least 500° C. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure device comprises a pressure band. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the first hardening step, the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are irradiated with at least an electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises a first polymer material and the superficial layer comprises a further polymer material, which has a greater cross-linking degree than the cross-linking degree of the first polymer material before the first hardening step. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the first hardening sub-step, the first layer is irradiated with at least an electromagnetic radiation; during the second hardening sub-step, the superficial layer is irradiated with a further electromagnetic radiation with a specific energy that is 2 to 8 times greater than the specific energy used to irradiate the first layer during the first hardening sub-step; the first layer is irradiated with a specific energy relative to the first layer ranging from 1 to 2 J/m2; the superficial layer is irradiated with a specific energy relative to the surface of the superficial layer ranging from 6 to 12 J/m2.