Staged cryogenic storage type supercritical compressed air energy storage system and method

A staged cryogenic storage type supercritical compressed air energy storage system, comprising a supercritical liquefaction subsystem for converting input gaseous air into liquid air and an evaporation and expansion subsystem for converting liquid air into gaseous air, wherein the staged cryogenic storage type supercritical compressed air energy storage system further comprises:

• a staged cryogenic storage subsystem for storing and/or releasing cryogenic energy when the gaseous air or the liquid air is converted,
• wherein the staged cryogenic storage subsystem comprises at least one cold box, at least one deep cooling cryogenic storage cycle, and at least one intermediate cooling cryogenic storage cycle,
• wherein the cold box is used as a liquefaction cold box or an evaporation cold box,
• wherein the deep cooling cryogenic storage cycle is connected with the cold box for releasing cryogenic energy from a deep cooling temperature to a room temperature when the cold box is used as the liquefaction cold box, and for storing cryogenic energy from the deep cooling temperature to the room temperature when the cold box is used as the evaporation cold box,
• wherein the intermediate cooling cryogenic storage cycle is connected with the cold box for releasing cryogenic energy from the deep cooling temperature to an intermediate cooling temperature or storing cryogenic energy from the intermediate cooling temperature to the room temperature when the cold box is used as the liquefaction cold box, and for storing cryogenic energy from the deep cooling temperature to the intermediate cooling temperature or releasing cryogenic energy from the intermediate cooling temperature to the room temperature when the cold box is used as the evaporation cold box,
• wherein the intermediate cooling temperature is between the deep cooling temperature and the room temperature,
• wherein the cold box includes at least one deep cooling cycle internal flow passage, at least one intermediate cooling cycle internal flow passage, at least one supercritical flow passage, and at least one cryogenic energy recovery flow passage,
• wherein the deep cooling cryogenic storage cycle includes at least one deep cooling storage tank, at least one deep cooling cycle fan, and at least one deep cooling cycle external flow passage, and the at least one deep cooling cycle external flow passage is connected with at least one deep cooling storage tank and at least one deep cooling cycle fan, and connected with a deep cooling cycle internal flow passage in the cold box to form a complete cycle flow passage, and
• wherein the intermediate cooling cryogenic storage cycle includes at least one intermediate cooling storage tank, at least one intermediate cooling cycle fan, and at least one intermediate cooling cycle external flow passage, and the at least one intermediate cooling cycle external flow passage is connected with at least one intermediate cooling storage tank and at least one intermediate cooling cycle fan, and connected with an intermediate cooling cycle internal flow passage in the cold box to form a complete cycle flow passage.