Synthetic composition for treating metabolic disorders

A method comprising:

• selecting an effective amount of one to nine human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from:
• fucosylated HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), and lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I);
• non-fucosylated HMO selected from lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3′, 6-disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL), and 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and mixtures thereof, in a total daily dosage of HMOs from about 3 g to about 10 g that is effective to increase Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gut microbiota of a non-infant human during an initial treatment period;
• and
• increasing a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal microbiota of a non-infant patient and improving in the non-infant patient at least one condition selected from reduced metabolic endotoxemia, an improved level of a glucagon-like peptide, and a reduction in an inflammatory marker associated with a metabolic disorder by providing the total daily dosage of the selected one or more HMOs consumed by the non-infant patient during the initial treatment period.

A method comprising:

• selecting an amount of one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that is effective for increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the non-infant human, the HMOs selected from:
• fucosylated HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP-II), lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III), and lacto-N-fucopentaose V (LNFP-V);
• non-fucosylated HMOs lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3′,6-disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL), and 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL);
• and
• mixtures thereof in a total daily dosage of HMOs from about 3 g to about 10 g that is effective to increase Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gut microbiota of a non-infant human during an initial treatment period;
• selecting a non-infant human having an elevated risk of developing one or more conditions selected from obesity, obesity-induced pre-diabetes, and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes;
• and
• increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the non-infant human and reducing in the non-infant human the likelihood of the non-infant human developing the at least one condition selected from obesity, obesity-induced pre-diabetes, and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes by providing the total daily dosage of the selected one or more HMOs for consumption by the non-infant patient during the initial treatment period.