Method for determining a remaining useful life of a bearing

A system configured to determine a remaining useful life of a bearing having a surface defect, the system comprising:

• an apparatus comprising:
• a processor,
• a trained machine learning model and a substitute model of the bearing;
• and
• a sensor operable to measure oscillations of a bearing,
• wherein the processor is configured to:
• determine a defect size of the surface defect based on sampled oscillations of the bearing, wherein the determination of the defect size of the surface defect comprises determination of the defect size of the surface defect based on association, using the trained machine learning model, the sampled oscillations of the bearing with the defect size of the surface defect;
• determine, based on the defect size, at least one of principal stresses or a contact force of the bearing caused by the surface defect, wherein the determination of the at least one of the principal stresses or the contact force is based on the substitute model of the bearing, wherein the defect size of the surface defect is an input of the substitute model, and wherein the substitute model associates the defect size with a principal stress of the at least one of the principal stresses or the contact force;
• and
• determine the remaining useful life of the bearing based on at least one of the principal stresses, the contact force, or the at least one of the principal stresses and the contact force.

In a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions executable by one or more processors to determine a remaining useful life of a bearing having a surface defect, the instructions comprising:

• determining a defect size of the surface defect based on sampled oscillations of the bearing, wherein determining the defect size of the surface defect comprises determining the defect size of the surface defect based on associating, using a trained machine learning model, the sampled oscillations of the bearing with a defect size of the surface defect;
• determining, based on the defect size, at least one of principal stresses or a contact force of the bearing caused by the surface defect, wherein the determining of the at least one of the principal stresses or the contact force is based on a substitute model of the bearing, wherein the defect size of the surface defect is an input of the substitute model, and wherein the substitute model associates the defect size with a principal stress of the at least one of the principal stresses or the contact force;
• and
• determining the remaining useful life of the bearing based on at least one of the principal stresses, the contact force, or the at least one of the principal stresses and the contact force.