Systems and methods for periodic nodal surface based reactors, distributors, contactors and heat exchangers

A 3D printed transport mechanism apparatus forming a periodic nodal structure for transporting at least one of a gas or a liquid, comprising:

• an inlet;
• an outlet;
• an engineered cellular structure formed in a layer-by-layer three dimensional (3D) printing operation to include cells having non-intersecting wall portions forming two independent domains, wherein the non-intersecting wall portions propagate in three orthogonal directions, and wherein the cells include wall portions having openings which help, together with the non-intersecting wall portions, to form a plurality of flow paths throughout the transport mechanism from the inlet to the outlet, and where portions of the cells form the inlet and the outlet;
• at least one of a wall thickness or a dimension of the cells is non-uniform across at least one of a length (X plane), a height (Y plane) or depth (Z plane) of the apparatus;
• and
• the engineered cellular structure has wall portions having a mean curvature other than zero.