Nanoarrays and methods of use thereof

A method of forming an array of oligonucleotides, said method comprising:

• contacting a solid support comprising a plurality of wells with a plurality of particles and binding one or more particles in a well, wherein each well is separated by about 0.2 μm to about 2.0 μm from any adjacent well, and wherein said solid support comprises an organically modified ceramic polymer resist;
• and
• contacting the particles with a plurality of oligonucleotide moieties to form particle-immobilized oligonucleotides, wherein each particle-immobilized oligonucleotide comprises an oligonucleotide moiety covalently attached to said particle via a bioconjugate linker, wherein the bioconjugate linker is formed via a reaction between a particle polymer comprising a first bioconjugate reactive moiety and an oligonucleotide comprising a second bioconjugate reactive moiety.