Antimicrobial coatings

An antimicrobial coating formulation, comprising:

• a base coat comprising a copolymer of tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate and a monomer comprising a functional group amenable to further derivatization, wherein the copolymer is further modified to contain a plurality of reactive moieties;
• and
• a top coat comprising at least one antimicrobial compound, a polymer, or a combination thereof, wherein the top coat comprises a copolymer reaction product of a mixture comprising [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, and the top coat comprises a decorated top coat formed from a reaction product of a mixture comprising the co-polymer reaction product and 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate.