System for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person that involves coherently combining data generated from an RF-based sensor system

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of stepped frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies includes comparing the pulse wave signal to a periodic signal model.

A wearable device, the wearable device comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of radio frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the range radio waves over a three-dimensional (3D) space below the skin surface of the person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• a processor configured to generate digital data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies includes comparing the pulse wave signal to a periodic signal model.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a radio frequency (RF) front-end including at least one transmit antenna and a two-dimensional array of receive antennas, the RF front-end configured to perform stepped frequency scanning across a frequency range using frequency steps of a step size, the stepped frequency scanning performed using the at least one transmit antenna and the two-dimensional array of receive antennas;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data that includes amplitude and phase data in response to radio waves received by the RF front-end and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies includes comparing the pulse wave signal to a periodic signal model.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of radio frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies includes comparing the pulse wave signal to a periodic signal model in the form of a trigonometric polynomial.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of radio frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies includes weighting signals on a per-antenna and a per-frequency basis in response to a comparison of the pulse wave signal to a periodic signal model.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of radio frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies includes adjusting the phase of the pulse wave signal on a per-antenna and a per-frequency basis to align the periodicity of the pulse wave signals across the antennas and across the frequencies with a periodic signal model.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of radio frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of radio frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein the frequency synthesizer is configured to scan across the range of stepped frequencies 50-300 times per second.

A system for monitoring a physiological parameter in a person, the system comprising:

• a frequency synthesizer configured to generate radio waves across a range of stepped frequencies;
• at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit the radio waves below the skin surface of a person;
• a two-dimensional array of receive antennas configured to receive radio waves, the received radio waves including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves;
• and
• processing circuits configured to generate data in response to the received radio waves and to coherently combine the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies to produce a pulse wave signal of the person;
• wherein coherently combining the generated data across the two-dimensional array of receive antennas and across the range of stepped frequencies includes weighting signals on a per-antenna and a per-frequency basis in response to a comparison between the pulse wave signal and a signal model.