High transparency electrochromic polymers

An electrochromic polymer, consisting of:

• a polymer backbone comprising one or more meta-conjugated linkers (MCLs) and one or more aromatic moieties (Ars), wherein each of the one or more MCLs is partially conjugated with the one or more Ars at meta positions of the one or more MCLs,
• wherein the electrochromic polymer is colorless in a neutral state, and the electrochromic polymer has a peak absorption coefficient larger than 104 cm−1 at 360 nm-1600 nm in an oxidized state,
• wherein each of the one or more MCLs and corresponding meta positions comprise one of the following formulas:
• wherein X is S, Se, N, or O:
• each of R1-R12 is independently selected from one of hydrogen, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C2-C30 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C3-C30 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C30 alkoxycarbonyl, C4-C30 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 aminylcarbonyl, C4-C30 aminylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylaminyl, C1-C30 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C30 alkylsulfonylalkyl, C6-Cis aryl, C3-Cis cycloalkyl, C3-C30 cycloalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyloxy, C1-C12 heterocyclyl, C1-C12 heterocyclyloxy, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylaminyl, C5-C30 heterocyclylalkylaminyl, C2-C12 heterocyclylcarbonyl, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyl, C1-C13 heteroaryl, or C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl;
• and each of the wavy lines represents one of the meta positions, and
• wherein each of the one or more Ars comprises one of a thiophene-based unit, a furan-based unit, a selenophene-based unit, or a pyrrole-based unit respectively with a formula of:
• or a combination thereof,
• wherein each of R13 and R14 is independently selected from one of hydrogen, C1-C30alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C2-C30 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C3-C30 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C30 alkoxycarbonyl, C4-C30 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 aminylcarbonyl, C4-C30 aminylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylaminyl, C1-C30 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C30 alkylsulfonylalkyl, C6-Cis aryl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl, C3-C30 cycloalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyloxy, C1-C12 heterocyclyl, C1-C12 heterocyclyloxy, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylaminyl, C5-C30 heterocyclylalkylaminyl, C2-C12 heterocyclylcarbonyl, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyl, C1-C13 heteroaryl, or C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl.

An electrochromic polymer, consisting of:

• a polymer backbone comprising one or more meta-conjugated linkers (MCLs) and one or more aromatic moieties (Ars), wherein each of the one or more MCLs is partially conjugated with the one or more Ars at meta positions of the one or more MCLs,
• wherein the electrochromic polymer has an absorption onset at 410 nm or less in a neutral state, wherein the absorption onset indicates a wavelength at higher than which the electrochromic polymer has no photon absorption, and the electrochromic polymer has absorption in visible and near-infrared wavelengths in an oxidized state,
• wherein each of the one or more MCLs and corresponding meta positions comprise one of the following formulas:
• wherein X is S, Se, N, or O;
• each of R1-R12 is independently selected from one of hydrogen, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C2-C30 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C3-C30 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C30 alkoxycarbonyl, C4-C30 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 aminylcarbonyl, C4-C30 aminylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylaminyl, C1-C30 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C30 alkylsulfonylalkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl, C3-C30 cycloalkylaminyl, C5-C30cycloalkylalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyloxy, C1-C12 heterocyclyl, C1-C12 heterocyclyloxy, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylaminyl, C5-C30 heterocyclylalkylaminyl, C2-C12 heterocyclylcarbonyl, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyl, C1-C13 heteroaryl, or C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl;
• and each of the wavy lines represents one of the meta positions, and
• wherein each of the one or more Ars comprises one of a thiophene-based unit, a furan-based unit, a selenophene-based unit, or a pyrrole-based unit respectively with a formula of:
• or a combination thereof,
• wherein each of R13 and R14 is independently selected from one of hydrogen, C1-C30alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C2-C30 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C3-C30 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C30 alkoxycarbonyl, C4-C30 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 aminylcarbonyl, C4-C30 aminylalkyl, C1-C30 alkylaminyl, C1-C30 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C30alkylsulfonylalkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl, C3-C30 cycloalkylaminyl, C5-C30cycloalkylalkylaminyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C30 cycloalkylalkyloxy, C1-C12 heterocyclyl, C1-C12 heterocyclyloxy, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylalkyloxy, C1-C30 heterocyclylaminyl, C5-C30 heterocyclylalkylaminyl, C2-C12 heterocyclylcarbonyl, C3-C30 heterocyclylalkyl, C1-C13 heteroaryl, or C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl.