Fuel gas and oxygen burner

A coaxial fuel and oxygen pipe apparatus, comprising:

• a fuel pipe and an oxygen pipe, wherein the fuel pipe is contained within the oxygen pipe and the oxygen pipe comprises an internal diameter that is continuous without diameter changes along a length of the oxygen pipe and wherein the fuel pipe comprises an internal diameter that is continuous without diameter variations along a length of the fuel pipe;
• a discharge block having a diverging section and a discharge that forms a final outlet with respect to the fuel pipe and the oxygen pipe, wherein the discharge block is configured with two angles that facilitate conditions for eliminating recirculation, wherein the two angles are matched to an expansion rate of the products of combustion to maintain a positive pressure throughout a final discharge from the final outlet;
• a burner inserted into the discharge block, wherein oxygen enters the oxygen pipe in a hole through the burner at a right angle to a longitudinal axis of the burner and fuel enters the fuel pipe axially through the burner, wherein the fuel pipe extends beyond the oxygen pipe, the fuel pipe includes a first fuel portion and a second fuel pipe portion, wherein the second fuel pipe portion is thinner and narrower than the first fuel pipe portion;
• and
• a discharge throat in the discharge block, the discharge throat including an inlet, wherein the internal diameter of the oxygen pipe matches an internal diameter of the inlet of the discharge throat to allow metallic portions of the discharge throat to be protected from high oxygen fuel flame temperature, and wherein the discharge throat contains the two angles that are matched to the expansion rate of the products of combustion as the products exit the final outlet to ensure that the discharge throat is filled with the products of combustion and to avoid furnace atmosphere re-circulation.

A forehearth, comprising:

• a coaxial fuel and oxygen pipe apparatus that includes a fuel pipe and an oxygen pipe, wherein the fuel pipe is contained within the oxygen pipe and the oxygen pipe comprises an internal diameter that is continuous without diameter changes along a length of the oxygen pipe and wherein the fuel pipe comprises an internal diameter that is continuous without diameter variations along a length of the fuel pipe;
• a discharge block having a diverging section and a discharge that forms a final outlet with respect to the fuel pipe and the oxygen pipe, wherein the discharge block is configured with two angles that facilitate conditions for eliminating recirculation, wherein the two angles are matched to an expansion rate of the products of combustion to maintain a positive pressure throughout a final discharge from the final outlet;
• a burner that is inserted into the discharge block, wherein oxygen enters the oxygen pipe through the burner at a right angle to a longitudinal axis of the burner and fuel enters the fuel pipe axially through the burner, wherein the fuel pipe extends beyond the oxygen pipe, wherein the fuel pipe includes a first fuel portion and a second fuel pipe portion, the second fuel pipe portion is thinner and narrower than the first fuel pipe portion;
• and
• a discharge throat in the discharge block, the discharge throat including an inlet, wherein the internal diameter of the oxygen pipe matches an internal diameter of the inlet of the discharge throat to allow metallic portions of the discharge throat to be protected from high oxygen fuel flame temperature, and wherein the discharge throat contains the two angles that are matched to the expansion rate of the products of combustion as the products exit the final outlet to ensure that the discharge throat is filled with the products of combustion and to avoid furnace atmosphere re-circulation.