Selective recovery method of vanadium and cesium from waste sulfuric acid vanadium catalyst, and high-quality vanadium aqueous solution and cesium alum produced thereby

A selective recovery method of vanadium and cesium from a waste sulfuric acid vanadium catalyst containing vanadium, cesium, iron, silica, aluminum, potassium, sodium, calcium and titanium by a hydrometallurgical method including water leaching, solid-liquid separation, vanadium solvent extraction, vanadium selective stripping and cesium alum production, the selective recovery method comprising the steps of:

• (a-1) crushing and pulverizing a waste sulfuric acid vanadium catalyst;
• (a-2) water-leaching the crushed and pulverized waste sulfuric acid vanadium catalyst and then solid-liquid separating to prepare a waste sulfuric acid vanadium water leachate containing vanadium and cesium in a cationic state;
• (a-3) adding an organic solvent as a cation exchange extractant to the waste sulfuric acid vanadium water leachate containing vanadium and cesium in the cationic state to obtain a vanadium organic extract from which vanadium is solvent-extracted and a raffinate aqueous solution remaining after the solvent extraction of vanadium;
• (a-4) preparing a vanadium aqueous solution by adding an alkali aqueous solution to the vanadium organic extract to selectively strip vanadium;
• and
• (a-5) selectively recovering cesium from cesium alum precipitated by adding and reacting an aluminum compound to the raffinate aqueous solution obtained after the vanadium solvent extraction and cooling a mixture.