Electrospray catheter

An apparatus comprising:

• a catheter defining a fluidic channel and having a distal opening, wherein the fluidic channel is configured to receive a metered volume of fluid, and wherein the fluid contains ethanol at greater than 5% concentration;
• an electrode within the fluidic channel and spaced a distance from the distal opening of the catheter;
• a porous tip disposed within the fluidic channel and disposed near the distal opening of the catheter, the porous tip comprising a material that is absorbent and fibrous, and wherein the porous tip is arranged in a cone shape geometry;
• a protrusion disposed near the distal opening of the catheter and surrounding an outer surface of the catheter;
• a thermoplastic wrap that encloses the protrusion to provide sealing and electrical isolation, such that the apparatus produces no current exceeding 100 μA;
• and
• a pump coupled to the catheter, wherein the pump is configured to provide the metered volume of fluid to the fluidic channel, wherein the metered volume of fluid is between 1 and 10 microliters of fluid per actuation of the pump,
• wherein the catheter is arranged to prevent direct contact between any electrode of the apparatus and tissue.