Toner, method for manufacturing toner, developer, toner accommodating unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

A toner, comprising:

• colored particles each comprising:
• a core containing a crystalline resin, a non-crystalline resin, and a colorant;
• and
• a shell layer on a surface of the core, the shell layer containing a resin and having a thickness of from 30 to 130 nm;
• and
• external additives present on surfaces of the colored particles, the external additives comprising a metal oxide and a silicon compound,
• wherein an electronegativity X(A) of the metal oxide and an electronegativity X(Si) of the silicon compound satisfy a relation 0.5≤X(A)/X(Si)≤0.8,
• wherein a proportion of an amount of the metal oxide directly adhered to the surfaces of the colored particles to a total amount of the metal oxide present on the colored particles is from 60% to 90% by mass, and
• wherein the metal oxide comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, and zirconium oxide.