Electromagnetic transducer with non-axial air gap

An electromagnetic transducer, comprising:

• at least one dynamic magnetic flux circuit through which a dynamic magnetic flux flows;
• an air gap;
• and
• a fixed portion, wherein
• both sides of the air gap are crossed by the dynamic magnetic flux,
• upon transduction, at least one side of the air gap crossed by the dynamic magnetic flux moves relative to the fixed portion of the electromagnetic transducer, and
• the entire dynamic magnetic flux circuit moves upon transduction relative to the fixed portion of the electromagnetic transducer.

An electromagnetic transducer, comprising:

• a seismic mass;
• and
• a dynamic magnetic field generator, wherein
• the generated dynamic magnetic field crosses an air gap that expands and contracts with movement of the seismic mass relative to a stationary component of the transducer, and
• the respective amounts of movement of the seismic mass at the center of gravity thereof relative to the stationary component in a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction relative to the non-energized state is more than the respective amounts of expansion and contraction of the air gap from a non-energized state,
• the seismic mass is a first seismic mass that is part of a seismic mass assembly including a second seismic mass, the first and second seismic masses having respective centers of gravity, the transducer is configured to move the first and second seismic mass relative to a center point equidistant in at least one axis between the respective centers of gravity, and
• the transducer is configured to rotate the first seismic mass and the second seismic mass about the center point during transduction.

The electromagnetic transducer of 1, further comprising:

• at least one static magnetic flux circuit through which a static magnetic flux flows, wherein
• the dynamic magnetic field interacts with the static magnetic flux to cause transduction, and
• upon transduction, at least one side of the active air gap crossed by the dynamic magnetic field moves relative to a fixed portion of the electromagnetic transducer, and
• the entire static magnetic flux circuit moves upon transduction relative to a fixed portion of the electromagnetic transducer, the fixed portion being part of the stationary component.