Encoder

An encoder comprising:

• a scale having graduations formed with a predetermined period along a measurement direction;
• and a detection head provided movably relative to the scale along the measurement direction,
• wherein the detection head includes:
• a transmitting unit that transmits measurement signals toward the scale;
• and
• a receiving unit that includes a receiving surface that receives the measurement signals from the transmitting unit via the scale, the receiving unit converting the measurement signals received at the receiving surface into differential detection signals with at least two different phases and outputting the detection signals, the detection signals varying correspondingly to the period of the graduations in response to the relative movement between the scale and the detection head,
• wherein the receiving surface includes:
• an element array group including a plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner along an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the measurement direction, the plurality of element arrays including at least four element arrays, with each element array including a plurality of receiving elements disposed along the measurement direction with a period corresponding to that of the graduations,
• wherein the plurality of element arrays includes, for each of the at least two phases;
• a positive phase signal element array that outputs a positive phase signal;
• and
• a negative phase signal element array that outputs a negative phase signal,
• wherein the at least two phases are disposed in a shifted manner with a predetermined phase difference along the measurement direction,
• wherein the plurality of element arrays in the element array group are disposed at positions where the sum of:
• (i) a distance in the orthogonal direction from a reference position to the positive phase signal element array;
• and (ii) a distance in the orthogonal direction from the reference position to the negative phase signal element array, is the same for all the phases of the at least two phases,
• wherein the element array group includes:
• a first element array group;
• and a second element array group, the second element array group being adjacent to and provided in a parallel manner to the first element array group in the orthogonal direction in the receiving surface, the second element array group including the plurality of element arrays that are disposed differently from the plurality of element arrays in the first element array group,
• wherein the positive phase signal element arrays in the first element array group account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the first element array group, are disposed on one side with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction in the first element array group, and are disposed in the order serving as a predetermined reference from one end in the orthogonal direction toward the center in the first element array group,
• wherein the negative phase signal element arrays in the first element array group account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the first element array group, are disposed on the other side with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction in the first element array group, and are disposed in the order serving as a predetermined reference from the other end in the orthogonal direction toward the center in the first element array group,
• wherein the positive phase signal element arrays in the second element array group account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the second element array group, are disposed on one side with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction in the second element array group, and are disposed in the order reverse to the order serving as the predetermined reference from one end in the orthogonal direction toward the center in the second element array group, and
• wherein the negative phase signal element arrays of the second element array group account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the second element array group, are disposed on the other side with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction in the second element array group, and are disposed in the order reverse to the order serving as the predetermined reference from the other end in the orthogonal direction toward the center line in the second element array group.

An optical encoder comprising:

• a scale having graduations formed with a predetermined period along a measurement direction;
• a detection head provided movably relative to the scale along the measurement direction;
• and a grid plate having a plurality of grids formed along the measurement direction with a period corresponding to that of the graduations,
• wherein the detection head includes:
• a light source that radiates light serving as measurement signals toward the scale;
• and
• a light-receiving unit that includes a light-receiving surface that receives the light from the light source via the scale, the light-receiving unit converting the light received at the light-receiving surface into differential detection signals with at least two different phases and outputting the detection signals, the detection signals varying correspondingly to the period of the graduations in response to the relative movement between the scale and the detection head, and
• wherein the light-receiving surface includes:
• an element array group including a plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner along an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the measurement direction, the plurality of element arrays including at least four element arrays, with each element array including a plurality of light-receiving elements disposed along the measurement direction with a period corresponding to that of the graduations,
• wherein a plurality of the element array groups are disposed along the orthogonal direction in the light-receiving surface,
• wherein the plurality of element arrays includes, for each of the at least two phases:
• a positive phase signal element array that outputs a positive phase signal;
• and
• a negative phase signal element array that outputs a negative phase signal,
• wherein the at least two phases are disposed in a shifted manner with a predetermined phase difference along the measurement direction, and
• wherein the plurality of element arrays in the element array group are disposed at positions where the sum of:
• (i) a distance in the orthogonal direction from a reference position to the positive phase signal element array;
• and (ii) a distance in the orthogonal direction from the reference position to the negative phase signal element array, is the same for all the phases of the at least two phases,
• wherein the grid plate is disposed between the scale and the light-receiving unit,
• wherein the light-receiving unit receives light that has passed through the grid plate,
• wherein the positive phase signal element arrays account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the element array group and are disposed on one side of the receiving surface with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction, and
• the negative phase signal element arrays account for half of the plurality of element arrays in the element array group and are disposed on the other side of the receiving surface with respect to the center line, which runs in the measurement direction at the center of the plurality of element arrays provided in a parallel manner in the orthogonal direction.