Methods and devices for determining signal quality for a swallowing impairment classification model

A device for screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the device comprising:

• a processor configured to receive accelerometry data of throat vibrations, determine vibration signals of the accelerometry data along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram, and perform at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as a function of time, as summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value, and (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• a user interface configured to provide one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics,
• the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method, and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data was clipped from a start based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A device for screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the device comprising:

• a processor configured to receive accelerometry data of throat vibrations, determine vibration signals of the accelerometry data along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram, and perform at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as a function of time, as summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, and (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• a user interface configured to provide one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics,
• the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method, and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data was clipped from an end based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A device for screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the device comprising:

• a processor configured to receive accelerometry data of throat vibrations, determine vibration signals of the accelerometry data along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram, and perform at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as a function of time, as summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, and (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and
• the at least one method further comprising (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single whole bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• a user interface configured to provide one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics,
• the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method, and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data comprises noise based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A device for screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the device comprising:

• a processor configured to receive accelerometry data of throat vibrations, determine vibration signals of the accelerometry data along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram, perform at least one method selected from the group consisting of determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as a function of time, as a summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value, determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal and compare values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and apply spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data,
• the processor further configured to react to the accelerometry data not exceeding the first, second, third and fourth threshold values by comparing the accelerometry data against preset classification criteria defined for each of swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency and classify each of a first plurality of swallowing events with a swallowing safety classification and a swallowing efficiency classification based at least partially on the comparing of swallowing data against the preset classification criteria;
• and
• a user interface configured to provide one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics that identify the swallowing safety classification and the swallowing efficiency classification for each of the first plurality of swallowing events.

A method of screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the method comprising:

• receiving, on a device comprising a processor, accelerometry data of throat vibrations for a swallowing event executed by an individual;
• the throat vibrations comprising vibration signals determined, on the device, along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram;
• performing, on the device, at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as a function of time, as a summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both the vibration signals along the anterior-posterior axis and the superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• producing, from the device, one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics, and the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A method of screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the method comprising:

• receiving, on a device comprising a processor, accelerometry data of throat vibrations for a swallowing event executed by an individual;
• the throat vibrations comprising vibration signals determined, on the device, along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram;
• performing, on the device, at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as function of time, as a summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value, and (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• producing, from the device, one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics, and the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method,
• and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data was clipped from a start based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A method of screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the method comprising:

• receiving, on a device comprising a processor, accelerometry data of throat vibrations for a swallowing event executed by an individual;
• the throat vibrations comprising vibration signals determined, on the device, along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram;
• performing, on the device, at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as function of time, as a summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, and (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value, wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data, and
• the at least one method further comprising (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value;
• and
• producing, from the device, one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics, the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method,
• and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data was clipped from an end based on one or more results of the at least one method.

A method of screening swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency, the method comprising:

• receiving, on a device comprising a processor, accelerometry data of throat vibrations for a swallowing event executed by an individual;
• the throat vibrations comprising vibration signals determined, on the device, along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat to be used in determining a spectrogram;
• performing, on the device, at least one method comprising (i) determining a signal variance of the accelerometry data as function of time, as a summed power over a specific frequency range of the spectrogram, and comparing the signal variance to a first threshold value,
• the at least one method further comprising at least one additional method selected from the group consisting of (ii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting a beginning portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the beginning portion of the normalized variance signal to a second threshold value, and (iii) determining a normalized variance signal from the spectrogram by setting a span between 0 and 1, selecting an end portion of the normalized variance signal, and comparing values of the end portion of the normalized variance signal to a third threshold value, and
• the at least one method further comprising (iv) determining a summed power spectral density of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat as an average of the spectrogram over a full duration or signal length relating to consumption of a single bolus and applying spectral entropy for the summed power spectral density (PSD) of both the vibration signals along an anterior-posterior axis and a superior-inferior axis of the throat for comparison to a fourth threshold value,
• wherein the at least one method is performed by the processor in real-time relative to receipt of the accelerometry data;
• and
• producing, from the device, one or more outputs comprising at least one of audio or graphics, the one or more outputs indicate a missing swallow for the accelerometry data based on one or more results of the at least one method,
• and the one or more outputs indicate that the accelerometry data comprises noise based on one or more results of the at least one method.