Fibre reinforced polymer composite pipes

A fiber reinforced polymer composite pipe comprising:

• a first end;
• a second end;
• wherein the pipe defines a central axis running in a longitudinal direction from the first end to the second end, and the pipe including at least one non-linear portion along the central axis between the first end and the second end;
• a first material extending continuously from the first end to the second end, the first material being a fiber reinforced polymer material comprising fiber reinforcement in a polymer matrix and having an electrical resistivity determined by an electrically conductive fiber reinforcement and/or an electrically conductive additive in the polymer matrix;
• and
• a second material arranged at the at least one non-linear portion and extending discontinuously between the first end and the second end, the second material being a carbon fiber reinforced polymer material comprising carbon fiber reinforcement in a polymer matrix and having an elastic modulus provided by the carbon fiber reinforcement,
• wherein the elastic modulus of the second material is greater than the elastic modulus of the first material in the longitudinal direction.