Reflection seismology multiple imaging

A system comprising:

• a processor;
• memory accessible by the processor;
• and
• processor-executable instructions stored in the memory that are executable to instruct the system to:
• receive seismic data for a geologic region of the Earth, wherein the seismic data comprise primaries and multiples acquired using a seismic survey geometry that comprises a two-dimensional array;
• build a velocity model that physically characterizes the geologic region of the Earth, wherein the velocity model comprises at least three reflecting interfaces at different subsurface depths in a range from shallow to deep;
• generate a primary image using the seismic data;
• identify a portion of the geologic region of the Earth, using the primary image, that comprises a coverage deficiency at shallower subsurface depths that comprise structural geological variations, wherein the deficiency in coverage corresponds to one or more gaps in the two-dimensional array of the seismic survey geometry;
• select at least one mode of multiple and corresponding travel time data from a data storage wherein the travel time data correspond to at least one complex ray signature in the geologic region of the Earth and are based at least in part on the velocity model, and wherein the travel time data comprise entries for source to image point travel time data and entries for image point to receiver travel time data;
• based on the selected at least one mode of multiple, pre-process the seismic data to generate attenuated seismic data;
• perform Kirchhoff migration on the attenuated seismic data using at least the selected travel time data to generate migrated seismic data, wherein the selected travel time data comprise one or more of the entries for source to image point travel time data and one or more of the entries for image point to receiver travel time data;
• and
• render an image of the geologic region of the Earth to a display to determine a location of hydrocarbons wherein the image comprises at least a multiple image based at least in part on the migrated seismic data that improves the coverage at the shallower subsurface depths to highlight the structural geological variations.

One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions executable to instruct a computer to:

• receive seismic data for a geologic region of the Earth, wherein the seismic data comprise primaries and multiples acquired using a seismic survey geometry that comprises a two-dimensional array;
• build a velocity model that physically characterizes the geologic region of the Earth, wherein the velocity model comprises at least three reflecting interfaces at different subsurface depths in a range from shallow to deep;
• generate a primary image using the seismic data;
• identify a portion of the geologic region of the Earth, using the primary image, that comprises a coverage deficiency at shallower subsurface depths that comprise structural geological variations, wherein the deficiency in coverage corresponds to one or more gaps in the two-dimensional array of the seismic survey geometry;
• select at least one mode of multiple and corresponding travel time data from a data storage wherein the travel time data correspond to at least one complex ray signature in the geologic region of the Earth and are based at least in part on the velocity model, and wherein the travel time data comprise entries for source to image point travel time data and entries for image point to receiver travel time data;
• based on the selected at least one mode of multiple, pre-process the seismic data to generate attenuated seismic data;
• perform Kirchhoff migration on the attenuated seismic data using at least the selected travel time data to generate migrated seismic data, wherein the selected travel time data comprise one or more of the entries for source to image point travel time data and one or more of the entries for image point to receiver travel time data;
• and
• render an image of the geologic region of the Earth to a display to determine a location of hydrocarbons wherein the image comprises at least a multiple image based at least in part on the migrated seismic data that improves the coverage at the shallower subsurface depths to highlight the structural geological variations.