Acetate toxicity tolerance in recombinant microbial host cells

A recombinant microbial host cell comprising:

• a first genetic modification for increasing, when compared to a control microbial host cell lacking the first genetic modification, the activity of one or more proteins that function in a first metabolic pathway to convert acetate into an alcohol in the microbial host cell, wherein the one or more proteins that function in the first metabolic pathway comprise a protein having acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity or a protein having acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity and alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADHE);
• a second genetic modification for increasing, when compared to the control microbial host cell lacking the second genetic modification, the activity of one or more proteins that function in a second metabolic pathway to import glycerol in the recombinant microbial host cell, wherein the protein that function in the second metabolic pathway is an STL1 polypeptide;
• and
• a third genetic modification for increasing, when compared to the control microbial host cell lacking the third genetic modification, the activity of one or more proteins that function in a third metabolic pathway to convert a C5 carbohydrate into the alcohol in the microbial host cell, wherein the one or more proteins that function in the third metabolic pathway comprise a protein having xylose isomerase activity from the genus Catonella sp.;
• and
• wherein the recombinant microbial host cell comprises and natively expresses native proteins that function in a fourth native metabolic pathway to produce glycerol in the microbial host cell, wherein the native proteins that function in the fourth native metabolic pathway to produce glycerol comprise a GPD1 protein, a GPD2 protein, a GPP1 protein and a GPP2 protein.