Additive and application thereof

An additive, comprising:

• a first additive molecule, wherein the first additive molecule has a structure represented by formula (I):
• wherein, in formula (I),
• Ri1 represents fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, a C1-C20 linear alkyl group, a C3-C20 branched alkyl group, a C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or a C3-C20 branched alkoxy group, wherein the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is unsubstituted or at least one —CH2— of the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is substituted by —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OOC—, and/or at least one hydrogen atom of the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is substituted by a halogen atom;
• Ai1 represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, a divalent dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group, a divalent trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a 1,3-cyclopentylene, a 1,3-cyclobutylene, or an indane-2,5-diyl group, wherein the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclobutylene, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is unsubstituted or at least one hydrogen atom of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclobutylene, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is substituted by a halogen atom, —CH3, —CH2CH3, or a —CN group, and/or at least one —CH2— of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, the 1,3-cyclobutylene, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is substituted by —O—, —N— or —S—, and wherein the —O—, —N—, and —S— do not directly bond to one another;
• Ai2 represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or an indane-2,5-diyl group, wherein the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is unsubstituted or at least one hydrogen atom of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is substituted by a halogen atom, —CH3, —CH2CH3, or a —CN group, and/or at least one —CH2— of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the benzofuran-2,5-diyl group, or the indane-2,5-diyl group is substituted by —O—, —N— or —S—, and wherein the —O—, —N—, and —S— do not directly bond to one another;
• Zi represents a single bond, a C1-C15 alkylene group, a C1-C15 alkyleneoxy group, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OOC—, —CF2—CF2—, or —CF═CF—;
• m1 represents 1, 2, 3, or 4, and when m1 represents 2, 3, or 4, the two or more Ai1 groups are identical to each other or different from each other, and the two or more Zi groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• m2 represents 1, 2, or 3, and when m2 represents 2 or 3, the two or more Ri2 groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• Ri2 represents a structure represented by formula (Ia), formula (Ib), or formula (Ic), and at least one Ri2 represents the structure represented by formula (Ib) or formula (Ic):
• and
• Ri3 represents a structure represented by formula (Id), formula (Ie), or formula (If):
• wherein, in formula (Ia), formula (Ib), formula (Ic), formula (Id), formula (Ie), and formula (If),
• Ai3 represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,3-cyclopentylene, or a 1,3-cyclobutylene, wherein the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, or the 1,3-cyclobutylene is unsubstituted or at least one hydrogen atom of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, or the 1,3-cyclobutylene is substituted by a halogen atom, —CH3, —CH2CH3, or a —CN group, and/or at least one —CH═ of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, or the 1,3-cyclobutylene is substituted by —N═, and/or at least one —CH2— of the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the 1,3-cyclopentylene, or the 1,3-cyclobutylene is substituted by —O—, —NRe— or —S—, and wherein the —O—, —NRe—, and —S— do not directly bond to one another, wherein Re represents hydrogen, a C1-C4 linear alkyl group, or a C3-C4 branched alkyl group;
• each of Ri4, Ri5, and Ri6 independently represents fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, a C1-C20 linear alkyl group, a C3-C20 branched alkyl group, a C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or a C3-C20 branched alkoxy group, wherein the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is unsubstituted or at least one —CH2— of the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is substituted by —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OOC—, and/or at least one hydrogen atom of the C1-C20 linear alkyl group, the C3-C20 branched alkyl group, the C1-C20 linear alkoxy group, or the C3-C20 branched alkoxy group is substituted by a halogen atom;
• each of Li1, Li2, Li3, Li4, Li5, Li6, Li7, Li8, Li9, and Li10 independently represents a single bond, a C1-C15 linear alkylene group, a C3-C15 branched alkylene group, a C1-C15 linear alkyleneoxy group, or a C3-C15 branched alkyleneoxy group, wherein the C1-C15 linear alkylene group, the C3-C15 branched alkylene group, the C1-C15 linear alkyleneoxy group, or the C3-C15 branched alkyleneoxy group is unsubstituted or at least one —CH2— of the C1-C15 linear alkylene group, the C3-C15 branched alkylene group, the C1-C15 linear alkyleneoxy group, or the C3-C15 branched alkyleneoxy group is substituted by —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —SiRa2—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OOC—, and/or at least one hydrogen atom of the C1-C15 linear alkylene group, the C3-C15 branched alkylene group, the C1-C15 linear alkyleneoxy group, or the C3-C15 branched alkyleneoxy group is substituted by a halogen atom, and wherein Ra represents a C1-C10 linear alkyl group or a C3-C10 branched alkyl group, and two Ra groups bonded to the same Si atom are identical to each other or different from each other;
• m3 represents 1 or 2, and when m3 represents 2, the two Ai3 groups are identical to each other or different from each other, and the two Li3 groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• m4 represents 1 or 2, and when m4 represents 2, the two Ai3 groups are identical to each other or different from each other, and the two L5 groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• m5+m6=3, m5 represents 2 or 3, and the two or more Li6 groups are identical to each other or different from each other, and the two or more Xi3 groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• m7+m8=3, m7 represents 2 or 3, and the two or more Li10 groups are identical to each other or different from each other, and the two or more Xi5 groups are identical to each other or different from each other;
• each of Xi1, Xi2, and Xi3 independently represents hydrogen, —OH,
• and
• each of Xi4 and Xi5 independently represents hydrogen, —OH,
• wherein at least one of Xi2 and Xi3 represents
• and
• wherein Yi1 represents —OH, a C1-C15 alkyl group, or a C2-C15 alkenyl group, and at least one hydrogen atom of the C1-C15 alkyl group or the C2-C15 alkenyl group is substituted by —OH;
• Yi2 represents hydrogen, halogen, a C1-C15 alkyl group, or a C2-C15 alkenyl group, wherein the C1-C15 alkyl group or the C2-C15 alkenyl group is unsubstituted or at least one hydrogen atom of the C1-C15 alkyl group or the C2-C15 alkenyl group is substituted by a halogen atom.